Risiko dan Manajemen Usahatani Padi di Indonesia: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

The agricultural sector is a strategic foundation of the Indonesian
economy, with rice serving as the primary staple food and a vital source
of income for rural communities. However, rice farming is inherently
exposed to high variability and significant production risks, many of which
are beyond the farmers' control. This study aims to identify and analyze
risk management strategies in Indonesian rice farming to support
increased production and resilience. Applying a Systematic Literature
Review (SLR) methodology following PRISMA guidelines, 54 relevant
studies published between 2015 and 2025 were synthesized from
databases including Google Scholar, Garuda, and Scopus. The results
indicate that biological factors, such as Pest and Disease Organisms
(OPT), and environmental anomalies like climate change are the most
dominant production risks. Quantitative analysis reveals that income risk
often exceeds production risk, particularly during the rainy season and for
farmers operating on non-owned land. Mitigation strategies include
collective farming planning, the use of quality inputs, and integrated
training to enhance farmer capacity. In conclusion, achieving sustainable
rice farming requires a synergy between technical mastery by farmers and
institutional support through government programs to manage
multifaceted risks effectively.