Deepfake sebagai Ancaman Baru dalam Keamanan Siber: Tinjauan Literatur mengenai Risiko terhadap Identitas Digital, Rekayasa Sosial, dan Kepercayaan Informasi

Deepfakes as a New Threat in Cybersecurity: A Literature Review on Risks to Digital Identity, Social Engineering, and Information Trust

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, particularly Generative AI, has enabled the creation of increasingly realistic synthetic content, one example of which is deepfake technology. Deepfake is a deep learning-based technique capable of manipulating faces, voices, and videos to mimic real individuals with a high degree of similarity. While it has positive potential in the entertainment, education, and creative industries, this technology also presents various new risks in the cybersecurity domain. This study aims to examine the threat of deepfakes to digital identity, social engineering, and information trust through a literature review approach. The method used is a narrative literature review of various scientific publications, industry reports, and policy documents published between 2022 and 2026. The results of the study indicate that deepfakes have developed into an effective tool for identity forgery, voice and video-based fraud, the spread of disinformation, and the manipulation of public opinion. Furthermore, the increasing quality of synthetic content has given rise to an information trust crisis, a decline in the public's ability to distinguish between genuine and digitally manipulated information. This research also identifies various mitigation strategies, including improving digital literacy, developing deepfake detection technology, digital watermarking, content provenance, and strengthening regulations related to the use of AI. The research findings are expected to contribute to understanding the cybersecurity risks arising from the development of deepfake technology and form the basis for more effective mitigation efforts.