The Boundary Between Administrative and Criminal Liability in the Management of National Health Insurance Capitation Funds: A Critical Analysis of an Indonesian Acquittal Judgment
Batas antara Tanggung Jawab Administratif dan Pidana dalam Mengelola Dana Kapitasi Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional: Tinjauan Kritis tentang Putusan Bebas di Indonesia
Abstract
The management of the National Health Insurance (NHI) capitation fund raises legal problems when administrative irregularities are constructed as a corruption crime. This problem can be seen in the Corruption Crimes Court Decision Number 76/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN Kpg which ended with a free verdict against the defendant. This study aims to analyze the legal basis of the public prosecutor's indictment and the judge's considerations in distinguishing administrative and criminal liability, especially related to abuse of authority and the principle of non-retroactivity. Normative legal research uses legislative, case, and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials in the form of court decisions and laws and regulations are analyzed qualitatively through prescriptive legal reasoning. The results of the study showed that the public prosecutor based the indictment on Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption by linking the use of capitation funds that were not in accordance with the intended purpose and alleged state financial losses. However, the panel of judges considered that the elements of the criminal act were not legally and convincingly proven and considered that some of the acts were more related to administrative issues. The application of regulations that had not yet been applied when the act was committed is also a problem in testing the principle of legality. The conclusion is that the verdict emphasizes the importance of temporal testing of the legal basis of the indictment and proving the elements of the criminal act separately from administrative violations. This study offers a strengthening of normative parameters to distinguish administrative errors from abuses of authority that can be criminally accounted for.
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