Heterosis Dan Heterobeltiosis Hasil Gabah Serta Korelasinya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Padi Hibrida

Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis of Grain Yield and their Correlation to Growth of Hybrid Rice

  • Nurwulan Agustiani Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Jl. Raya 9 Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat
  • Sujinah Sujinah Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Jl. Raya 9 Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat
  • Bayu P Wibowo Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Jl. Raya 9 Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat
  • Satoto Satoto Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Jl. Raya 9 Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat
Keywords: hybrids, rice, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

Abstract

Heterosis of F1 hybrids is closely related to processes during plant growth. The purpose of this research was to obtain information on some growth characters that supported positive heterosis for yield. The experiment was conducted at Sukamandi Field Station on the rainy season in 2016, used a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The materials used in this experiment were four hybrids rice (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, and Hipa Jatim 2) and their parents (maintainer and restorer lines). The results showed that the four hybrids had positive heterosis with an average value of 4.23-25.03% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and yield. Heterobeltiosis values ranged from 2.06-13.62% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, and yield. The characters that were positively correlated to increase of yield were plant height, leaf area in the primordia phase, and weight of 1000 grains. The four hybrids had similar leaf areas in the primordia phase, but only Hipa Jatim 2 had the highest leaf area in the mature grain. The four hybrids had more thickness of leaves than their parents. F1 average showed increased grain number per panicle that their parents, especially Hipa 18 and Hipa 19, which had a higher weight of 1000 grains than their parents.

Keywords: hybrids, rice, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

 

ABSTRAK

Heterosis pada F1-hibrida sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses-proses selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkaninformasibeberapa karakter pertumbuhan yang mendukung heterosis positif terhadap hasil. Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP. Sukamandi pada musim hujan 2016, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat varietas unggul hibrida (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, dan Hipa Jatim 2) dan tetuanya (galur maintainer dan restorer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat materi yang diuji mempunyai nilai heterosis positif dengan nilai rata-rata 4,23-25,03% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir, dan hasil. Nilai heterobeltiosis berkisar antara 2,06% sampai 13,62% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, dan hasil. Karakter-karakter pertumbuhan yang berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan hasil yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas daun pada fase primordia, dan bobot 1000 butir. Keempat materi hibrida yang diuji mempunyai luas daun per rumpun yang setara pada fase primordia, namun hanya Hipa Jatim 2 yang masih mempunyai luas daun tertinggi pada fase masak fisiologis,.  Keempatnya mempunyai karakter ketebalan daun yang lebih baik dibanding tetuanya. Rata-rata F1 menunjukkan perbaikan jumlah gabah per malai dibanding kedua tetuanya, terlebih pada Hipa 18 dan Hipa 19 yang juga mempunyai bobot 1000 butir lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua tetuanya.

Kata kunci: hibrida, padi, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

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Published
2019-12-01
How to Cite
Agustiani, N., Sujinah, S., Wibowo, B., & Satoto, S. (2019). Heterosis Dan Heterobeltiosis Hasil Gabah Serta Korelasinya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Padi Hibrida. JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN, 15(2), 92-100. https://doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2019.15.2.92