Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Analisis Klaster Aksesi Kopi (Coffea sp.) Asal Seram Bagian Selatan, Indonesia
Morphological Characterization and Cluster Analysis of Coffee (Coffea sp.) Accessions From Southern Seram, Indonesia
Abstract
Sebagai wilayah budidaya kopi, bagian selatan Pulau Seram memiliki banyak jenis kopi yang ditanam oleh petani yang menanam kopi di sana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengases keragaman morfologi aksesi kopi (Coffea sp.) yang dibudidayakan di wilayah Seram Bagian Selatan, khususnya di Kecamatan Tehoru dan Amahai, serta mengelompokkan aksesi tersebut berdasarkan kesamaan morfologi menggunakan analisis klaster hierarkis. Sebanyak 45 aksesi diamati, terdiri atas 16 aksesi Arabika dan 29 aksesi Robusta. Karakter morfologi yang dianalisis meliputi struktur batang, daun, bunga, dan buah, dengan mengacu pada deskriptor morfologi yang disusun oleh IPGRI serta metode klasifikasi morfologi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aksesi Arabika terbagi ke dalam empat klaster dengan tingkat kemiripan berkisar antara 22,99% hingga 38,30%, sedangkan aksesi Robusta terbagi ke dalam tiga klaster dengan tingkat kemiripan antara 5,39% hingga 39,59%. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya keragaman morfologi yang tinggi antar aksesi lokal, yang mencerminkan potensi variasi genetik dan adaptasi terhadap lingkungan tumbuh. Hasil penelitian ini menyediakan informasi dasar yang penting bagi konservasi plasma nutfah dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pemilihan tetua unggul untuk mendukung program pemuliaan kopi yang adaptif dan berkelanjutan sesuai dengan kondisi agroekologi wilayah Seram Bagian Selatan.
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