Efek Urine Sapi terhadap Keberhasilan Cangkok Salak

The Effect of Cow Urine on Success of Snake Fruit Layering

Abstract

Propagation of snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) plants can be done by layering with the advantage that the plant is identical to its parent, the fruiting age is earlier and the type of male or female plant can be known in advance. For the purpose of propagation, it was necessary to get the proper concentration of cow urine on snake fruit propagation by layering. This research was carried out in April-December 2017 in Bintan Regency Seed Unit, Riau Islands. The materials used for the layering were lateral shoots of Sari Intan snake fruit which had 3 to 4 leaves. This design research used was a Randomized Block Design, consist of five treatment levels of cow urine concentrations, i.e. 0 (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, with three replication. Every treatment consisted of 5 shoots. The variables researched were leaf number, plant height, primary root number and length, root weight, percentage of successful layering, percentage of seedlings that had dry shoots. The results indicated that the number of primary roots and height of snake fruit seedlings increased by application of 20% cow urine. Thus, the use of cow urine at the right concentration of 20% in snake fruit layering could increase its success.

Keywords: cow urine, layering, plant propagation, Salacca zalacca

ABSTRAK

Perbanyakan tanaman salak (Salacca zalacca) bisa dilakukan melalui cangkok dengan keuntungan yaitu hasil buahnya sama dengan induknya, umur berbuah lebih cepat serta jenis salak jantan atau betina dapat diketahui sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi urine sapi yang tepat pada perbanyakan salak secara cangkok. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada bulan April-Desember 2017 di Balai Benih Kabupaten (BBK) Bintan, Kepulauan Riau. Bahan yang digunakan untuk cangkok yaitu tunas anakan salak Sari Intan yang berdaun 3-4 pelepah. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, terdiri atas lima level konsentrasi urine sapi, yakni 0 (kontrol), 10%, 20%, 30%, dan 40%, dengan pengulangan tiga kali. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 5 tunas anakan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah dan panjang akar primer, bobot akar, persentase benih hidup, persentase benih mengalami kekeringan pada pucuk daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah akar primer dan tinggi bibit salak dapat meningkat dengan pemberian urine sapi pada konsentrasi 20%. Dengan demikian, penggunaan urine sapi dengan konsentrasi yang tepat yakni pada konsentrasi 20% pada pencangkokan salak dapat meningkatkan keberhasilannya.

Kata kunci: cangkok, perbanyakan, Salacca zalacca, urine sapi