Keragaman dan Potensi Genetik Ubi Jalar Lokal Pada Kondisi Partial Submergence

Abstract

Excess ground water above normal due to high rainfall affect the growth and yields of crops. The objectives of the study were to measure the genetic diversity of local sweet potato clones, to obtain characters of vegetative and yield characters that were  responsive against of partial submergence and sweet potato clones that had highest yield components. The method of research was a one-factor experiment involving 21 sweet potato clones using a Completely Randomized Block design with 3 replication. The partial submergence in this study mean that was the lower parts of the plants submerged when the plant were 2 and 3 months old. Data were analyzed with F test, genotype and phenotype variance, and DMRT test. The results show the sweet potato clones have a wide diversities of vegetative and yield characters. Vegetative characters that were positively responsive to partial submergence were the number of green leaves, leaf area per plant, leaf area index, and stem length. Yield characters that were positively responsive to partial submergence were tuber number and tuber length. Some of the clones with the highest production potential were shown through two of the three yields indicators (tubers number, individual tuber weight and tuber weight per plant), i.e. A13, AR15, B9, BSepa-U, BR5, H1 clones and Antin 2 variety..

Keywords: excess water, genotype variance, Ipomoea batatas, Maluku, yield character

ABSTRAK

Kelebihan air tanah di atas normal akibat curah hujan yang tinggi mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur keragaman genetik klon-klon ubi jalar lokal,  serta mendapatkan karakter vegetatif dan karakter hasil yang responsif positif terhadap partial submergence dan klon ubi jalar yang mempunyai komponen hasil tertinggi. Metode penelitian berupa percobaan satu faktor yaitu 21 klon ubi jalar menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap berblok dengan pengulangan tiga kali. Partial submergence  dalam penelitian ini yaitu  bagian bawah dari tanaman terendam air pada umur tanaman 2 dan 3 bulan. Analisis data dengan uji F, ragam genotip dan fenotip, dan uji DMRT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa klon-klon ubi jalar mempunyai  keragaman luas pada semua karakter vegetatif dan produksi. Karakter vegetatif  yang responsif positif terhadap  partial submergence yaitu jumlah daun hijau, luas daun per tanaman, indeks luas daun dan panjang batang. Karakter produksi yang responsif positif terhadap  partial submergence yaitu jumlah umbi dan panjang umbi. Beberapa klon dengan potensi produksi melalui dua dari tiga indikator produksi (jumlah umbi, bobot per umbi dan bobot umbi segar per tanaman) tertinggi yaitu  A13, A15, B9,  BSepa-U, BR5, H1, dan varietas Antin 2.

Kata kunci: Ipomoea batatas, karakter hasil, Maluku, ragam genotip, terendam