Pengujian Karakter-Karakter Kuantitatif Tajuk dan Umbi Klon-Klon Ubi Jalar (Ipomea batatas L.) Asal Maluku

Testing Quantitative Characters of Crown and Tuber of Sweet Potato Clones (Ipomea batatas L.) from Maluku

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the quantitative characters of crowns and tuber of sweet potato clones from Maluku. The research was conducted on the field near the building of the Research Institute of Pattimura University, in Rumahtiga Village, from March to August 2017. This research was done as a single factor experiment, that tested 21 sweet potato clones. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design. The experiment was conducted with 3 replications so that there were 63 experimental units. Data analysis was carried out by analysis of variance with the F test, and if there was a significant effect, the analysis was continued with the Duncan New Multiple Range Test at an α = 0,05. The variables observed included stem length, number of green leaves, stem length, individual leaf area, number of branches, length of the tuber, tuber diameter, number of tuber per plant and weight of fresh storage roots per plant. From this study, it was found that vegetative variables including stem segment length, number of branches, number of leaves and leaf area showed very significant differences among 19 local clones of sweet potatoes from Maluku and 2 clones of national superior varieties tested. Yield variables of tuber length, tuber number per plant and fresh tuber weight per plant showed very significant differences among 19 local sweet potato clones from Maluku and two national superior varieties clones tested, meanwhile tuber diameter showed significant differences. B9, BR5, H1, A13, AR1, and A15 clones produced average fresh tuber weight per plant above the national varieties of Cilembu and Antin 2.

Keywords: local clones, Maluku, sweet potato, vegetative character, yield

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji karakter-karakter kuantitatif tajuk dan umbi klon-klon ubi jalar asal Maluku. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan di belakang gedung Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Patimura Ambon, Desa Rumahtiga pada bulan Maret sampai bulan Agustus 2017. Percobaan ini merupakan percobaan faktor tunggal, yaitu pengujian 21 klon ubi jalar. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap berblok. Percobaan dilakukan dengan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 63 satuan percobaan. Analisis data pengamatan dilakukan dengan analysis of variance dengan uji F, dan apabila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata maka analisis diteruskan dengan uji lanjut menggunakan uji pembandingan rata-rata Duncan New Multiple Range Test pada taraf nyata α = 0,05. Peubah-peubah yang diamati meliputi panjang ruas batang, jumlah daun hijau, panjang batang, luas individu daun, jumlah cabang, panjang umbi, diameter umbi, jumlah umbi per tanaman dan bobot umbi segar per tanaman. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa peubah-peubah vegetatif yang meliputi panjang ruas batang, panjang batang, jumlah cabang, jumlah daun dan luas daun menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang sangat nyata di antara 19 klon lokal ubi jalar asal Maluku dan dua klon varietas unggul nasional yang diuji. Peubah-peubah produksi panjang umbi, jumlah umbi per tanaman dan berat umbi segar per tanaman menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang sangat nyata di antara 19 klon lokal ubi jalar asal Maluku dan dua klon varietas unggul nasional yang diuji, sedangkan diameter umbi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata. Klon-klon B9, BR5, H1, A13, AR1 dan A15 menghasilkan rata-rata berat umbi segar per tanaman di atas varietas nasional Cilembu dan Antin 2.

Kata kunci: karakter vegetatif, klon-klon lokal, produksi, ubi jalar, Maluku