Pengaruh Lama Perendaman dan Pengelupasan Kulit Benih Terhadap Kualitas Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L) Varietas Sulawesi 01
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Abstract
The availability of high-quality and uniform cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) planting material depends on seed germination and early seedling growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soaking duration, seed coat (testa) removal, and their interaction on the germination and seedling vigor of the Sulawesi 01 cocoa clone. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of the Center for Seed Quality and Crop Protection of Estate Crops (BBPPTP), Ambon, Indonesia, using a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two replications. The first factor was soaking duration (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h), while the second factor was seed coat treatment (testa removed and intact testa). Each experimental unit consisted of 50 seeds, resulting in a total of 1,000 seeds. Analysis of variance showed that seed coat removal significantly improved germination performance. Testa removal increased germination percentage from 85.60% to 94.80%, reduced germination time from 9.09 to 7.75 days, and increased germination speed from 8.45% day⁻¹ to 12.07% day⁻¹. Soaking duration did not significantly affect germination parameters but significantly influenced seedling growth. The 48-h soaking treatment produced the tallest seedlings, reaching 26.85 cm at 42 days after planting (DAP). A significant interaction between seed coat removal and soaking duration was observed only for leaf number, where the combination of testa removal and 12-h soaking (P₁W₁) produced the highest leaf number (4.35 leaves) at 42 DAP. These results indicate that seed coat removal effectively improves cocoa seed germination, while the combination of testa removal and 12-h soaking supports better early seedling growth.
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