Kerusakan Tanaman Pisang Abaka Akibat Serangan Penyakit Sigatoka di Perkebunan Tanaman Pisang PT SIM, Desa Hatusua Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat
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Abstract
Abaca (Musa textilis Nee) is a fiber-producing banana species widely utilized in the textile industry. This study aimed to determine the level of damage to abaca banana plants caused by Sigatoka disease attacks in the plantation of PT Spice Island Maluku, located in Hatusua Village, West Seram Regency. Plant damage assessment was evaluated based on disease intensity across four plantation blocks (A20.Q07, A23.Q09, A23.Q10, and A20.R05). The results indicated that the average damage intensity of abaca plants was 23.28%, falling into the moderate attack category, with variation among blocks ranging from 2.97% to 56.78%. Observed macroscopic symptoms included yellowish to reddish-brown streaks running parallel to the leaf veins, developing into elliptical lesions with chlorotic halos, and progressing to extensive necrosis that caused leaves to dry and tear. Pathogen isolation on PDA medium showed dense white mycelial colonies, and microscopic examination confirmed the causal agent by identifying hyaline ascospores with three septa characteristic of Mycosphaerella musicola. Environmental analysis revealed that disease intensity was influenced by biotic factors, including the high genetic uniformity of tissue culture-derived seedlings and orchard sanitation, as well as abiotic factors such as shade tree proximity and nitrogen fertilization practices
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