Analisis Kesalahan Siswa melalui Penerapan Prosedur Newman dalam Menyelesaikan Soal-Soal Cerita pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi teorema Pythagoras berdasarkan prosedur Newman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 3 siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pulau-Pulau Terselatan pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan berdasarkan hasil tes, rekomendasi guru, dan kemampuan komunikasi yang baik. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes tertulis berbentuk uraian dan wawancara semi-terstruktur. Data dianalisis menggunakan prosedur Newman yang mencakup lima tahap: kesalahan membaca soal, kesalahan memahami soal, kesalahan transformasi soal, kesalahan kemampuan proses, dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek HR melakukan kesalahan pada tahap memahami soal, transformasi soal, kemampuan proses, dan penulisan jawaban akhir. Subjek GB hanya melakukan kesalahan pada tahap penulisan jawaban akhir, sedangkan subjek GJ melakukan kesalahan pada tahap transformasi soal, kemampuan proses, dan penulisan jawaban akhir. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kesalahan paling dominan terjadi pada tahap kemampuan proses dan penulisan jawaban akhir, yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman konsep dan ketidaktelitian dalam menyelesaikan soal.
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