Pengembangan Biopelet Berbasis Limbah Gagang Cengkih (Syzygium Aromaticum) dan Cangkang Kenari (Canarium Indicum) dengan Perekat Pati Singkong Sebagai Energi Alternatif

Abstract

Indonesia faces a serious challenge in meeting its national energy demand due to its heavy reliance on fossil fuels, which are non-renewable and have negative environmental impacts. Numerous studies have explored the utilization of biomass waste; however, the use of walnut shells and clove stems as raw materials, as well as variations in binder concentration, remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the potential of these agricultural wastes as environmentally friendly and sustainable raw materials for bio-pellet production. The research employed an experimental method using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), combining five variations of material composition (clove stems and walnut shells) and two levels of cassava starch binder concentration (7% and 9%), resulting in 10 treatment combinations with two replications. The parameters observed included moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and calorific value. The results showed that the combination of 50% clove stems and 50% walnut shells with 9% binder produced the best quality, characterized by low moisture content (7.63%), high fixed carbon (15.68%), and the highest calorific value of 4717.18 cal/g. Statistical analysis indicated that the treatments had a highly significant effect on all observed parameters. This study demonstrates the strong potential of these wastes as renewable energy sources and supports energy diversification and agricultural waste reduction programs in Indonesia.