Komposisi dan Struktur Tegakan di Hutan Adat Ghimbo Bonca Lida Kecamatan Kampa Kabupaten Kampar, Riau

Abstract

Customary forests play an important role in biodiversity conservation through traditional rules that regulate forest resource use and restrict excessive exploitation. However, plantation expansion increasingly threatens these forests by reducing natural habitats and altering native vegetation. This study analysed the species composition and stand structure of Hutan Adat Ghimbo Bonca Lida, Kampa Subdistrict, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. Vegetation data were collected from 13 systematically distributed sampling units with a random starting point, using nested plots of 2 m × 2 m, 5 m × 5 m, 10 m × 10 m, and 20 m × 20 m for seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees, respectively. Data were analysed descriptively and quantitatively using vegetation indices and stand-structure attributes. The study recorded 87 species belonging to 34 families. Lalan (Santiria laevigata) had the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) at the seedling stage (21.15%), whereas mendarahan (Gymnacranthera bancana) had the highest IVI at the sapling, pole, and tree stages (12.89%, 18.25%, and 27.62%, respectively). The horizontal stand structure exhibited an inverted-J diameter distribution, while the vertical structure showed complete canopy stratification from strata A to E. These structural and compositional attributes indicate substantial vegetation diversity and regeneration potential, underscoring the ecological importance of this customary forest for biodiversity conservation.