Mengintegrasikan Keberlanjutan Ekologis dan Pengetahuan Lokal: Pengelolaan Agroforestri Tradisional Tembawang Belud di Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia

Abstract

Tembawang is a traditional Dayak agroforestry system that integrates ecological function with cultural values and community livelihoods. Despite widespread land changes across Kalimantan, Tembawang Belud in Gema Village, Simpang Dua District, Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan, remains actively managed through communal ownership. This study examines the management system of Tembawang Belud, focusing on spatial land use patterns, floristic composition, and the social capital underpinning its sustainability. Data were collected through biophysical and socioeconomic surveys, direct field observations, structured interviews with purposively selected key informants, and tree mapping with ground-check verification.  A total of 30 plant species were identified, organized into three functional zones: a primary fruit zone, a spice and medicinal plant zone, and a diverse fruit zone in the hilly area. The management system reflects local ecological knowledge, cultural norms, and customary institutions rather than formal agrarian practices alone. Social capital in the form of trust, adat-based networks, and collective governance maintains the system's continuity and resilience. Tembawang Belud represents a sustainable, knowledge-based agroforestry model that is ecologically, socially, and economically viable. Effective spatial zoning and institutional strengthening are identified as key foundations for long-term sustainability of management.