Komposisi dan Struktur Pohon pada Ruang Terbuka Hijau, Sempadan Sungai Karang Mumus dan Median Jalan di Kota Samarinda

Abstract

Urban trees in parks, riparian zones, and road medians face different environmental pressures, yet integrated information on their composition and structure in Samarinda City remains limited. This study aimed to characterize the species composition, abundance, condition, stand volume, and canopy cover of trees in two city parks, the Karang Mumus River riparian zone, and three road medians in Samarinda. All woody individuals with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of at least 10 cm were censused at the six sites in September–October 2024 and classified as poles (10 to less than 20 cm) or trees (20 cm or more). Tree height was measured with a smartphone LiDAR sensor, canopy cover was estimated from photographs taken beneath each crown, and tree positions were mapped in ArcGIS. A total of 1,371 individuals (1,109 trees and 262 poles) representing 46 species were recorded. Composition was heterogeneous in Taman Samarendah (30 species) and the riparian zone (25 species) but highly homogeneous in road medians, where Pterocarpus indicus accounted for 92.2% of individuals on Jalan Slamet Riyadi and 52.3% on Jalan RE Martadinata; across all sites, this species made up 41.4% of individuals. Total stand volume was 1,066.81 m³ (0.78 m³ per individual), of which the riparian zone contributed 39.8%. Mean canopy cover was 51.33% (range 45.46–55.06%). Nails embedded in stems were the most frequent damage, recorded on 83 individuals (6.1%). These findings indicate the need for site-specific urban tree management, particularly species diversification in road medians and protection of stems from mechanical damage.