Struktur dan Keanekaragaman Vegetasi pada Sistem Agroforestri Kopi Multistrata di Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Coffee agroforestry integrates coffee crops with shade trees and intercrops and can provide a structurally complex land-use system that supports ecological functions and diversified production. This study analysed the vegetation structure and composition of a multistrata coffee agroforestry system managed by the Lompobattang Forest Farmer Group in Manimbahoi Village, Parigi District, Gowa Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed using field observations in six 20 m × 20 m plots. Data were collected through vegetation identification, measurements of shade-tree structure, and documentation of spatial planting patterns. The results showed that the coffee agroforestry system exhibited a randomly mixed multistrata configuration in which coffee plants, shade trees, and intercrops occurred within the same land units. Five shade-tree species were recorded, namely Leucaena leucocephala, Syzygium aromaticum, Toona sureni, Persea americana, and Erythrina variegata, comprising 22 individuals across the observation plots. The vertical vegetation structure was predominantly characterised by Stratum C, whereas E. variegata reached Stratum B, with a maximum recorded height of 29 m. Two intercrop species, Amorphophallus muelleri and Pennisetum purpureum, were also recorded within the system. The coexistence of coffee plants, shade trees, and intercrops demonstrates the structural heterogeneity of the multistrata agroforestry system and indicates its potential to support diversified production and ecologically oriented land management. These findings provide baseline information for improving vegetation management and strengthening the sustainability of coffee-based agroforestry within social forestry areas.