Tipologi Lanskap Berbasis Biofisik, Sosial Ekonomi, dan Spasial untuk Pengembangan Multiusaha Kehutanan KPHP Kerinci

Abstract

Multiple-use forestry requires site-specific allocation because forest landscapes simultaneously contain ecological values, resource potential, accessibility differences, and human pressures. This study aimed to develop a landscape typology of KPHP Kerinci by integrating biophysical, socioeconomic, and spatial variables as a basis for differentiated multiple-use forestry development. The analysis used 580 spatial grid units and 19 basic variables. Spatial dependence was assessed using Global Moran's I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association. Sixteen attribute variables and 19 local spatial indicators were integrated into 35 initial features. An initial agglomerative hierarchical clustering model was followed by stepwise discriminant selection, resulting in 10 principal differentiating variables, and the clustering was rerun using Ward's method and Euclidean distance. All basic variables showed positive and significant spatial autocorrelation. The parsimonious 10-variable model identified three landscape typologies with improved internal clustering indices relative to the full 35-feature model, achieving a Silhouette Index of 0.494 and a Calinski–Harabasz Index of 188.18. The two models showed highly similar cluster memberships (Adjusted Rand Index = 0.953), indicating substantial consistency between the alternative feature representations. The typology provides a spatially explicit basis for spatially differentiated allocation of conservation, environmental services, community-based utilization, and sustainable forest production strategies according to local landscape characteristics.