Analisis Efisiensi Waktu Operasional dan Estimasi Kebutuhan Armada Spot Cultivator dalam Penyiapan Lubang Tanam pada Hutan Tanaman Industri

Abstract

Mechanised planting-hole preparation can improve operational planning in industrial forest plantations, but fleet allocation requires reliable estimates of working time and field productivity. This study assessed the daily time structure, productivity, and fleet requirements of excavator-mounted spot cultivators in Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan. A continuous time study was conducted over 30 working days on mineral soils at a planting spacing of 3.0 × 2.5 m (1,333 holes ha⁻¹). During an eight-hour shift, mean productive time was 372.20 min day⁻¹ (77.54%), while allowances accounted for 107.80 min day⁻¹ (22.46%). These allowances comprised machine repositioning and maintenance (8.98%), operator fatigue and personal needs (6.75%), and site-related delays associated with roots and wet ground conditions (6.73%). Reported productivity averaged 264.00 ± 12.20 holes h⁻¹ and 2,006.00 ± 97.60 holes day⁻¹, corresponding to 1.50 ± 0.11 ha day⁻¹. At this daily coverage rate, a target of 288 ha over 25 working days requires 7.68 machines, rounded up to eight. The resulting nominal capacity is 300 ha month⁻¹, exceeding the target by 12 ha (4.17%). These findings provide a quantitative basis for fleet planning, although productivity denominators and operational variability require verification before implementation.