Publication ethics and malpractice policy: 
There are three aspects of publication ethics that need special attention: originality, plagiarism (and/or self plagiarism), and reporting standard.

1. Originality

Authors should submit original works only. Authors should not submit the same work to another journal at the same time or while the manuscript is under review. After submitting to Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, authors should wait for a rejection decision or formally request for a submission withdrawal before submitting their manuscript to another journal.

The submitted manuscript should not have been previously submitted, accepted, or published elsewhere. Author must inform in the manuscript if it was previously published as conference paper.

Author should properly cite all existing works that may overlap or used as material for the manuscript, both in the body text and in the reference list. Authors must explicitly cite their own earlier works used as material in the manuscript. If exact sentences or paragraphs that appear in another work by the author are included in the manuscript, the material should be put in quotation marks and appropriately cited in a way that does not compromise the double-blind review process.

The authors should disclose information regarding the data used in the submitted manuscript such as the origin of the data, years collected, location collected. Authors should mention if the dataset has been used elsewhere by this or another author.

2. Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism

All work in the manuscript should be free of any plagiarism, falsification, fabrications, or omission of significant material.

Authors are expected to explicitly cite others' work and ideas, even if the work or ideas are not quoted verbatim or paraphrased. This standard applies whether the previous work is published, unpublished, or electronically available. Failure to properly cite the work of others may constitute plagiarism. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Redundancy (or “self-plagiarism”) is an unacceptable publishing behavior. Redundancy can occur in at least two ways: (1) Authors recycle portions of their previous writings by using identical or nearly identical sentences or paragraphs from earlier writings in subsequent research papers, without quotation or acknowledgement; or (2) Authors create multiple papers that are slight variations on each other, which are submitted for publication in different journals but without acknowledgement of the other papers.

Authors can and often do develop different aspects of an argument in more than one manuscript. However, manuscripts that differ primarily in appearance, but are presented as separate and distinct research without acknowledging other related work, constitute attempts (whether unintentional or deliberate) to deceive reviewers and readers by overinflating the intellectual contribution of the manuscript. Since publication decisions are influenced by the novelty and innovativeness of manuscripts, such deception is inappropriate and unethical.

If exact sentences or paragraphs that appear in another work by the Author are included in the manuscript, the material must be put in quotation marks and appropriately cited.

3. Reporting Standards

The reports of original research should be in accordance with the actual work performed by author(s) and the actual data obtained. It should also provide the objective discussion containing the research significance. If necessary, Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia (Makara Hubs-Asia) will also ask the provision of raw data used for the manuscript for editorial review.

Author(s) should not publish manuscript/article that has been published before in different journal. Also, proper acknowledgment of the work of others must be always given. References should always be included when the author(s) cite the work of others. The standard format for the manuscript should be in accordance with APA Style. Failing to comply with these standards constitute unethical behaviour and are unacceptable.

Submission of Manuscript:

All submissions should be made via our online submission system. Our brief guide to manuscript submission can be accessed here. The manuscript should be written in accordance with the provided template and the file must be in editable Ms.Word format. The length of the manuscript for a Single Study should be between 4000 to 6000 words; the length for Multiple Studies should is 8000 words. The word lengths exclude figures, tables, and references. The Board of Editors reserves the right to make some adjustments to the format for uniformity.

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check make sure that they follow the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines. I am aware and agree that:

1. The article is original and is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
2. All authors have approved the paper for release and are in agreement with its content.
3. The manuscript is free of any plagiarism or self plagiarism.
4. The manuscript file complies with the given template and has been saved in Ms.Word format.

All submitted manuscripts will be subjected to double blind reviews, with the final decisions are taken by the Editors. Authors will receive a notification from the Editor if (1) the manuscript is accepted for publication, (2) the author is required to make some revisions (major or minor revisions, or (3) the manuscript is rejected.

The author should send the original form of copyright transfer for distribution which has been signed to the Editor after the manuscript is accepted for publication.

 Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
2. The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, RTF, or WordPerfect document file format.
3. The text is single-spaced; uses a 10-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate points, rather than at the end.
4. The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines, which is found in About the Journal.
5. For the purpose of blind review, please exclude author(s)’ name, institutions, and contact information on the manuscript that you upload. You can provide the author(s)’ personal information within the next section.
6. The manuscript should follow the IMRD (Quantitative Research: 1. Introduction, 2. Methods, 3. Results, 4. Discussion, 5. Conclusion; Qualitative Research: 1. Introduction, 2. Methods, 3. Results and Discussion, 4. Conclusion) structure.
7. Writing format (References, Tables, and Figures) should adhere to American Psychological Association Style.
8. My submitted manuscript possess theoretical novelty and contribution for the advancement of science.

 Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

Editors’ responsibilities are to decide which submitted manuscript should be published and which reviewers should review the manuscript. Due to the double-blind peer review policy, we disclose any information about the author and the reviewer (name, residency, citizenship, and contact information) for every manuscript. The manuscripts that are being processed must not be used by anyone without the author’s consent.