HUBUNGAN KOMORBID DENGAN DURASI PERAWATAN PASIEN COVID-19 PADA RS BAYANGKARA DAN RS TK. II PROF. DR. JA. LATUMETEN DI KOTA AMBON TAHUN 2020
Keywords:
COVID-19, komorbid, durasi perawatan
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau COVID-19 pada akhir tahun 2019 mulai menjadi sorotan masalah kesehatan dunia. Penularan virus ini terjadi dengan sangat cepat melalui droplet dan kontak erat antar manusia hingga menyebabkan tingginya kasus COVID-19 secara global. Kelompok orang yang memiliki komorbid (DM tipe 2, hipertensi, hiperurisemia, penyakit kardiovaskular, asma, PPOK, TB, Hepatitis, dan gagal ginjal kronik) diketahui rentan terinfeksi COVID-19 dan dapat memperberat derajat keparahan penyakit serta memperpanjang durasi perawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan komorbid dengan durasi perawatan pasien COVID-19 pada dua rumah sakit rujukan COVID-19 di Kota Ambon tahun 2020. Manfaat penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran kepada tenaga kesehatan mengenai hubungan komorbid dengan durasi perawatan pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional dan sampel diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 109 sampel, sebanyak 61 orang (56%) memiliki komorbid dan sebanyak 82 orang (75,2%) memiliki durasi perawatan lebih dari 14 hari. Hasil analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square didapatkan nilai p = 0,000 yang berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komorbid dengan durasi perawatan pasien COVID-19.
Kata kunci : COVID-19, Komorbid, Durasi Perawatan
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Tatalaksana COVID-19 edisi 2. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI), Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia (PERKI), Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI), Perhimpunan Dokter Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Indonesia (PERDATIN), Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI). 2020:4-5.
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16. Hasanah R. Asumsi Masyarakat Mengenai Keselamatan Pasien Pada Masa Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit. J. Psychology. 2020:2-3.
17. Satria RMA, Tutupoho RV dan Chalidyanto D. Analisis Faktor Risiko Kematian Dengan Penyakit Komorbid Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari. 2020;4(1):50-51.
18. Docherty AB, Harrison EM, Green CA, Hardwick HE, Pius R, Norman L, Holden KA, Read JM, Dondelinger F, Carson G, Merson L, Lee J, Plotkin D, Sigfrid L., Halpin S, Jackson C, Gamble C, Horby PW, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS and Semple MG. Features of 16,749 Hospitalised UK Patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol. medRxiv, 2020;4(23):1-21
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20. Sastroasmoro S dan Ismael S. Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis 4, editor. Jakarta: CV. Sagung Seto;2011;p.130.
21. Uthfiyaningtyas S. Hubungan Antara Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Pasien Sindrom Koroner Akut Di Rsud Tugurejo Semarang. Skripsi. Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang. 2016.hal 59.
22. Notoatmodjo S. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Penerbit Rineka Cipta; 2006; p.125.
23. Arifin Z, Albayani MI, Fatmawati BR, Suprayitna M. Identifikasi Karakteristik Penderita COVID-19 di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Stikes YARSI Mataram. 2020;4(2):4-5.
24. Biswas R.Are Men More Vulnerable to Covid-19 as Compared to Women?Biomed J Sci & Tech Res. 2020;27(2)
25. Arifin Z, Fatmawati BR dan Zuliardi. Identifikasi Pasien Covid-19 Berdasarkan Riwayat Kontak. Jurnal Ilmiah Stikes YARSI Mataram. 2020;10(2):1-6
26. Gemmati DB, Serino BML, Secchiero P, Zauli G and Tisato V. COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility /Receptivity: Role of ACEI/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflamation, and Coagulation. Might the Double X-Chromosome in Females be Protective Against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?. Int. J. Mol Sci. 2020. 10 : 3474
27. Abate BB, Kassie AM, Kassaw MW, Aragie TG, Masresha SA. Sex difference in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):6-7.
28. Van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Wiliamson, BN and Munster VJ. Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARSCoV-19. Nejm. 2020;382(1):1564–1567
29. Yanti NPED, Nugraha IMADP, Wisnawa GA, Agustina NPD dan Diantari NPA. Gambaran Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Covid-19 Dan Perilaku Masyarakat Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa. 2020;8(3):485 – 490
30. Morawska L and Cao J. Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality. Environment International. 2020;139(1): 1–3.
31. Putri NA, Putra AE dan Mariko R. Hubungan Usia, Jenis Kelamin Dan Gejala Dengan Kejadian COVID-19 di Sumatera Barat. Majalah Kedokteran Andalas. 2021;44(2)104-111
32. Hidayani WR. Faktor Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan COVID 19 : Literature Review. Jurnal Untuk Masyarakat Sehat (JUKMAS). 2020;4(2):120-134.
33. Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19, 2021. Peta sebaran 8 Oktober 2021. Available at: https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran
34. Fried MW, Crawford JM, Mospan AR, Watkins SE, Hernandez BM, Zink RC, Elliott S, Burleson K, Landis C, Reddy KR and Brown Jr RS. Patient Characteristics and Outcomes of 11,721 Patients with COVID19 Hospitalized Across the United States. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2020
35. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu Xand Cheng, Z. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet. 2020;395(10223), pp.497-506.
36. Mantovani A, Byrne CD, Zheng MH and Targher G. Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Greater COVID-19 Severity and in-Hospital Death: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardio-vascular Diseases. 2020;30(8):1236–1248
37. Longato E, Fadini GP, Sparacino G, Gubian L and Di Camillo B. Prediction of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes from Pharmacy Administrative Claims. 20th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, Melecon 2020 - Proceedings, 315–320
38. Wang B, Li R, Lu Z and Huang Y. Does Comorbidity Increase the Risk of Patients with Covid-19: Evidence from Meta-Analysis. Aging. 2020;12(7):6049–6057
39. Aggarwal G, Henry B, Aggarwal S and Bangalore, S. Cardiovascular Safety of Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019. American Journal of Cardiology. 2020;128:147-150.
40. Alharbi Y, Alqahtani A, Albalawi O and Bakouri M. Epidemiological Modeling of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Spread projection, awareness, and impact of treatment. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2020;10(17).
41. Jordan RE. Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death. BMJ. 2020;1-2
42. Ndaparoka EN, Esther O dan Faot YO. Kajian Literatur: Gambaran Lama Rawat Pasien Covid-19. Bachelor thesis, Universitas Pelita Harapan. 2021
43. Thai PQ, Toan DTT, Son DT, Hai Van HT, Minh LN, Hung LX, Toan NV, Hoat LN, Luong DH, Khue LN, Khoa NT, Huong LT. Factors associated with the duration of hospitalization among COVID-19 patients in Vietnam: a survival analysis. Epidemiology and Infection. 2020;148:hal 5-6.
44. Muniyappa R, Gubbi S. COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020;318(5): hal 737-738.
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