Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Migran Menurut Hukum Internasional
Abstract
This research examines international legal protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) abroad, focusing on the implementation of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (Migrant Convention 1990). The research background is based on the increasing complexity of Indonesian migrant worker issues, particularly since the economic crisis. Limited domestic job opportunities have driven an increasing number of Indonesian workers to migrate abroad to improve their quality of life. However, this phenomenon is not without various risks of rights violations, such as exploitation, forced labor, and physical violence experienced by migrant workers. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of international and national legal frameworks in providing comprehensive protection for Indonesian Migrant Workers. The case study, such as Debby's experience in Malaysia, illustrates the complexity of problems faced by Indonesian Migrant Workers in destination countries. The research methodology employs a juridical-normative approach, examining various international legal instruments, national legislation, and the role of government institutions like the Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Agency (BP2MI) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in providing protection. The results of the study show that the 1990 Migrant Convention provides a comprehensive protection framework for the basic rights of migrant workers and their families as regulated in Articles 8 to 35. This protection includes the right to life, freedom from torture, freedom of expression, freedom of religion, and access to justice and legal aid. At the national level, Indonesia has adopted these protection principles through Law No. 18 of 2017, which provides a legal basis for the protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI). The protection mechanism can be carried out through bilateral diplomatic channels or by submitting cases to international courts if necessary.
Downloads
References
Jurnal
Chandra, Lahia Jeremya. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia Menurut Konvensi Internasional Tentang Hak-Hak Pekerja Migran Tahun 1990. Lex Privatum Vol 13 No 1. 2024
Divya Aviva Marsyaf, Rahayu Subekti, Peran Kementerian Luar Negeri Dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia Ilegal Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha Vol. 9 No. 3
Koesrianti, Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Migran Penata Laksana Rumah Tangga (PLRT) di Luar Negeri oleh Negara Ditinjau dari Konsep Tanggung Jawab Negara." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 1(2), 2012,
Koesrianti. (2010). "Kewajiban Negara Pengirim dan Negara Penerima atas Perlindungan Pekerja Migran." Jurnal Diplomasi, 2(1)
Manurung, Salmon Abertnego, and Nabitatus Sa’Adah. Hukum Internasional dan Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Migran Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia Vol 2 No 1. 2020
Mokaliran, Enjelina Venesia, Cornelis Dj Massie, And Caecilia Jj Waha. Implementasi Konvensi Internasional Tentang Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Perempuan Di Indonesia. Lex Administratum Vol 11 No 2. 2023
Rina Shahriyani Shahrullah, Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Luar Negeri." Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 22(3), 2015
Rizki, Khairur. Implementasi Konvensi Internasional Tentang Perlindungan Hak Pekerja Asing dan Anggota Keluarganya: Studi Kasus Penjaminan Hak Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Singapura. RESIPROKAL: Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual Vol 2 No 1. 2020
Susetyorini, Peni. Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) di Luar Negeri oleh Perwakilan Republik Indonesia. Masalah-Masalah Hukum Vol 39. No 1. 2010.
United Nations General Assembly, "International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families," UN Doc. A/RES/45/158, 18 December 1990
Widodo, Hartono, and R. Jossi Belgradoputra. Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia. Binamulia Hukum Vol 8 No 1 2019
Buku
Agusmidah, (2011) Dilematika Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Tinjauan Politik Hukum. Medan: Sofmedia
Bryan A. Garner, (2009) Black’s Law Dictionary, ninth edition, (St. paul: West
CST Kansil, (1989) Pengantar Ilmu Hukum dan Tata Hukum Indonesia, Jakarta, Balai Pustaka
Iman Santoso. (2012) Perspektif Imigrasi Dalam Migrasi Manusia. Pustaka Reka Cipta. Bandung
Komnas Perempuan, (2013) Mengenal Konvensi PBB 1990 tentang Perlindungan Hak-Hak Seluruh Pekerja Migran dan Anggota Keluarganya (Konvensi Migran 1990), Jakarta
Moh. Kusnardi dan Harmaily Ibrahim, (1998) Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia, Jakarta, Sinar Bakti
Satjito Rahardjo, (2003) Sisi-Sisi Lain dari Hukum di Indonesia, Jakarta, Kompas
Sefriani. (2016) Hukum Internasional Suatu Pengantar. Raja Grafindo Persada. Jakarta
Starke, J. G. (1997) Pengantar Hukum Internasional. Sinar Grafika. Jakarta
Sulistyowati Irianto, (2011) Akses Keadilan dan Migrasi Global. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia
Veronica Putri, dkk. (2020) Perjalanan Panjang Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Di Asia Tenggara. Scopindo Media Pustaka. Surabaya
Online/ Online/World Wide Web, Dan Lain-Lain
ASEAN. (2007). ASEAN Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers. Cebu, Philippines: 12th ASEAN Summit.
ASEAN. (2017). ASEAN Consensus on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers. Manila, Philippines: 31st ASEAN Summit.
Jabbar Ramdhani “Miris! TKW Disiksa-Tak Digaji 9 Tahun di Malaysia, Majikan Diputus Bebas diakses” https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5949951/miris-tkw-disiksa-tak-digaji-9-tahun-di-malaysia-majikan-diputus-bebas, diakses pada tanggal 10 Mei 2024
JDIH Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Pengertian Perlindungan Hukum dan Cara Memperolehnya, diakses https://jdih.sukoharjokab.go.id/berita/detail/pengertian-perlindungan-hukum-dan-cara-memperolehnya, dikases pada tanggal 3 Desember 2024
Komnas Perempuan “Mengenal Konvensi PBB 1990 tentang Perlindungan Hak-Hak Seluruh Pekerja Migran dan Anggota Keluarganya (Konvensi Migran 1990)” https://komnasperempuan.go.id/instrumen-ham-perempuan-detail/mengenal-konvensi-pbb-1990-tentang-perlindungan-hak-hak-seluruh-pekerja-migran-dan-anggota-keluarganya-konvensi-migran-1990, diakses pada 10 Mei 2024
Lihat Hak Asasi Manusia: Sebuah Kompilasi Instrumen Internasional (publikasi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Penjualan No. E.88.XIV.1)
Lihat Kongres Keempat Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Pencegahan Kejahatan dan Perlakuan Bagi Para Pelanggar Hukum, Kyoto, Jepang, 17-26 Agustus 1970: laporan yang dipersiapkan oleh Sekretariat (publikasi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Penjualan No. E.71.IV.8).
Penjelasan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengesahan International Convention On The Protection Of The Rights Of All Migrant Workers And Members Of Their Families (Konvensi Internasional Mengenai Perlindungan Hak-Hak Seluruh Pekerja Migran Dan Anggota Keluarganya)
Sejarah singkat BP2MI diakses https://jdih.bp2mi.go.id/index.php/content/profile/8#:~:text=JDIH%20BP2MI%20mempunyai%20fungsi%20sebagai,%2C%20transparan%2C%20efektif%20dan%20akuntabel., diakses pada tanggal 2 Desember 2024
Serikat Buruh Migran Indonesia, Hak-hak Buruh Migran dan keluarganya dalam instrumen hukum internasional dan Nasional, diakses https://www.ilo.org.com , diakses pada tanggal 3 Desember 2024
Copyright (c) 2025 Owen Agustio Matitakapa, Popi Tuhulele, Armelia Febriyanti Waas (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this Journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright in each article belongs to the author, as well as the right to patent.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- Authors have the right to self-archiving of the article (Author Self-Archiving Policy)
