Perekrutan Tentara Anak Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Ditinjau Dari the Optional Protocol to The Convention on The Rights of The Child on The Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict 2000
Abstract
The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict of 2000 is an international legal instrument designed to protect children from recruitment and direct involvement in armed conflict. However, in reality, violations of the provisions of this protocol still frequently occur in various conflict zones. The practice of recruiting children by armed groups not only contradicts the content of the protocol but also violates the fundamental principles of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. This study uses a normative legal method with a regulatory approach, international document studies, a conceptual approach, and a case approach to examine the effectiveness of the protocol's implementation. Data was obtained through literature studies and analyzed qualitatively based on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study show that this protocol regulates preventive protection measures, such as prohibiting the recruitment of children under the age of 18, as well as repressive protection through criminalization, sanctions, victim recovery, and inter-state cooperation, to the extent that the protocol requires a mechanism for regular monitoring and reporting to the Committee on the Rights of the Child. The case in Mozambique reflects non-compliance with reporting obligations since 2006, underscoring the importance of strengthening monitoring systems as a means of evaluating and improving child protection policies, as well as optimizing the implementation of this protocol at the national and international levels.
Downloads
References
Bagaskara Majer, ”Tentara Anak: Perspektif Hukum Internasional”, Jurnal Common 1, no. 2 (2021).
Children Recruited By Armed Forces Or Armed Groups. Children Recruited By Armed Forces Or Armed Groups, UNICEF.
Eddyono, Supriyadi W, Pengantar Konvensi Hak Anak, 2007.
Lucia C. O. Tahamata, Buku Ajar Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Bandung: Wedina Media Utama, 2023.
Members of Mozambican Armed Forces complete training on preventing the recruitment of child soldiers. https://www.unicef.org/mozambique/en/press-releases/members-mozambican-armed-forces-complete-training- preventing-recruitment-child.
Miracle A. Runtuwene, Hengky A. Korompis, dan Fernando J. M. M. Karisoh, “Pengesahan Protokol Opsional Konvensi Hak-Hak Anak mengenai Keterlibatan Anak alam Konflik Bersenjata”, Lex Administratum 9, no. 8 (2021)
Nainggolan, Dicky Ronny Martinez. Tinjauan Hukum Humaniter Terhadap Tentara Anak: Studi Kasus Rekrutmen Tentara Anak di Burma. Fakultas Manajemen Pertahanan. Universitas Pertahanan Indonesia.
Naomi P. L. Pomantow,’’Kajian Yuridis Tentara Anak Dalam Perang Menurut Hukum Humaniter”, Lex et Societatis 4, no. 1 (2016).
Noorani, Shehzad. "Konvensi Hak Anak: Versi anak anak UNICEF Indonesia." Konvensi Hak Anak: Versi Anak-Anak , 2018.
Nurusshobah Fatmah Silvia, ”Konvensi Hak Anak Dan Implementasinya Di Indonesia, Biyan: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan dan Pelayanan Pekerjaan Sosial 1, no. 2 (2019).
Polina Heidemans, ”Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Terhadap Anak Dalam Instrumen Hukum Nasional Dan Internasional”, Lex et Societatis 3, no. 2 (2015).
Risnanin, M, ”Problematika Perekrutan Anak dalam Konflik Bersenjata dan Permasalahnya di Indonesia”, Fiat Justisia Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 8, no. 3 (2014).
Ryan fletcher (2023, April 7). 2022 Human Rights Reports: Insights Into Global Child Soldier Recruitment & Use. A Compilation of Key Child Soldier-Related Language Excerpted From the 2022 Human Rights Reports. 2022 Human Rights Reports: Insights Into Global Child Soldier Recruitment & Use Stimson Center).
Umar Suryadi Bakry, Hukum Humaniter Internasional Sebuah Pengantar, Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2019.
Unicef & KPPPA. Pengertian Konvensi Hak Anak, Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, Jakarta, 2003.
Vondaal Vidya Hattu, Buku Ajar Hukum Humaniter Internasional, Bandung: Wedina Media Utama, 2023.
Yared Hetharie & Yosia “Hetharie, Humanitarian Law Perspective on the Protection of the Rights of Children”, Law Research Review Quarterly 6, no. 1 (2020): 69-76.
Copyright (c) 2025 Agnesya Syedeline Risamena, Lucia Charlota Octovina Tahamata, Vondaal Vidya Hattu (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this Journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright in each article belongs to the author, as well as the right to patent.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- Authors have the right to self-archiving of the article (Author Self-Archiving Policy)
