Karakteristik Tanah Dan Status Kesuburan Lahan Ladang Berpindah Di Kabupaten Maybrat Provinsi Papua Barat Daya
Abstract
Sistem perladangan berpindah menunjukkan beberapa kesamaan, namun juga memiliki variasi tergantung pada kondisi biofisik wilayah dan budaya masyarakat, terutama dalam aspek sosial dan ekonomi yang memengaruhi pola penggunaan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji (1) karakteristik lahan ladang berpindah, (2) status kesuburan tanah, dan (3) arahan pemanfaatan lahan ladang berpindah untuk pengembangan tanaman pangan lokal di Kabupaten Maybrat. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2024 di lahan ladang berpindah Kampung Huberita, Distrik Ayamaru Timur. Variabel yang diamati meliputi karakteristik lahan (jenis tanah, geologi, topografi, penggunaan lahan, sistem tanam, jenis komoditas), sifat fisik tanah (kadar air, bobot isi, berat jenis partikel, porositas), sifat kimia tanah (pH, KTK, KB, C-organik, N-total, P₂O₅, K₂O, dan basa-basa seperti Ca, Mg, Na, K), Hasil menunjukkan bahwa praktik tebang-bakar memengaruhi sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah. Kadar air dan bobot isi tanah meningkat pada lahan berumur 3 minggu dan 3 bulan, namun permeabilitas tanah menurun akibat rendahnya kandungan bahan organik. pH tanah meningkat, sementara C-organik menurun pada umur 3 bulan. K dan P tersedia sangat tinggi, terutama di Ayamaru. KTK meningkat seiring naiknya kadar Ca dan Mg. Secara keseluruhan, kesuburan meningkat sementara waktu, tetapi mulai menurun setelah bulan ketiga karena berkurangnya bahan organik dan unsur hara.
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