Eksplorasi Jamur Antagonis Pada Rizosfer Tanaman Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Di Pulau Ambon
Abstract
Pengendalian hayati merupakan suatu pemanfaatan mikroorganisme yang bertujuan untuk mengendalikan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT). Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan identifikasi jamur antagonis serta menguji daya hambat jamur tersebut terhadap Phytopthora palmivora. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan kebun kelapa milik petani di pulau Ambon dan di laboratorium Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan (BBPPTP) Ambon, pada bulan Juni – Oktober 2023. Mengggunakan metode eksplorasi dan eksperimen di Laboratorium BBPPTP Ambon untuk uji antagonisme. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu tanah disekitar perakaran tanaman kelapa yang sehat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Simple Random Sampling dan menetapkan 4 lokasi di Pulau Ambon. Kemudian sampel tanah dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi serta uji antagonisme. Hasil eksplorasi jamur antagonis rhizosfer tanaman kelapa di pulau Ambon diperoleh empat genus jamur antagonis yaitu Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Rhizopus dan Mucor. Perkembangan penghambatan patogen Phytoptora palmivora oleh isolat Trichoderma menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing isolat tersebut memiliki daya antagonisme. Berdasarkan tingkatan kelas antagonismenya, isolat TrichoRKSW1, TrichoRKSW2, TrichoRKSW4, TrichoRKSW5, TrichoRKLH2, TrichoRKLH4, TrichoRKLH5, TrichoRKNL1, TrichoRKNL3, TrichoRKNL4 dan TrichoRKLBH3 dapat dikategorikan kedalam tingkat antagonisme kelas 1, sedangkan isolat TrichoRKNL2, TrichoRKLBH1, TrichoRKLBH4 dan TrichoRKLBH5 dapat dikategorikan kedalam tingkat antagonisme kelas 2. Isolat Aspergillus, Mucor dan Rhizopus termasuk kedalam tingkat kelas 3.
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