Coastal area resources as a pillar of sustainable development: Reorienting education for biodiversity literacy
Abstract
Coastal areas have high biodiversity, which is essential in supporting sustainable development. However, low biodiversity literacy among coastal communities challenges conservation efforts and sustainable resource utilization. Reorienting interdisciplinary-based education is a necessary strategy to improve people's understanding of coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangrove forests, and seagrass beds. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the potential of coastal resources as a pillar of sustainable development, identify interdisciplinary approaches that can support biodiversity literacy, and design interdisciplinary strategies in reorienting education. Various scientific fields, such as Marine Science, Agricultural Science, Education Science, Social and Political Science, Legal Science, and Education Management science, can contribute to building a holistic and community-based educational approach. Knowledge in the form of local wisdom can support coastal area management. For example, the Sasi tradition in Maluku is vital in preserving marine biodiversity by regulating the sustainable use of natural resources according to the ecosystem cycle. Through synergies between academia, government, and communities, adaptive education programs can be implemented to equip communities with sustainable marine resource management skills. This approach is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly goals 14 (Marine Ecosystems), 4 (Quality Education) and 13 (Addressing Climate Change). With proper policy support, education in coastal areas is expected to create an environmentally aware generation, adapt to global challenges, and actively preserve marine ecosystems for sustainable prosperity.
Downloads
References
Aboelela, S. W., Larson, E., Bakken, S., Carrasquillo, O., Formicola, A., Glied, S. A., Haas, J., & Gebbie, K. M. (2007). Defining interdisciplinary research: Conclusions from a critical review of the literature. Health Services Research, 42(1I), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00621.x
Adams, A. (2023). Conservation connections: incorporating connectivity into management and conservation of flats fishes and their habitats in a multi-stressor world. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 106(2), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-023-01391-4
Ahmad, M., Satria, A., & Kinseng, R.A. (2017). Sasi laut in Maluku: Transformation and sustainability of traditional governance in the face of globalisation. In Governing the Coastal Commons (1st ed., p. 198). Taylor & Francis Group.
Akram, H., Hussain, S., Mazumdar, P., Chua, K. O., Butt, T. E., & Harikrishna, J. A. (2023). Mangrove health: A review of functions, threats, and challenges associated with mangrove management practices. Forests, 14(9), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091698
Alencar, N. M. P. de. (2020). Circles of coastal sustainability: A framework for coastal management. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12124886
Alongi, D. M. (2016). Mangroves. In Encyclopedia of Estuaries. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4
Amiri, V. (2020). Fluoride occurrence and human health risk from groundwater use at the west coast of Urmia Lake, Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13(18), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05905-7
Aramburu, P. A., Flecha, S., Lujan-Williams, C. A. M., & Hendriks, I. E. (2024). Water column oxygenation by Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in coastal areas: A modelling approach. Science of the Total Environment, 942, 173805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173805
Arifanti, V. B. (2022). Challenges and strategies for sustainable Mangrove management in Indonesia: A Review. Forests, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050695
Bai, Y., Hu, R., Wang, L., & Li, D. (2024). Reduce pollution, establish protected areas, manage fisheries properly? How to protect coral reefs based on carbon trading. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1331045
Bäuerlein, P. S. (2023). A monitoring and data analysis method for microplastics in marine sediments. Marine Environmental Research, 183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105804
Bellwood, D. R., Streit, R. P., Brandl, S. J., & Tebbett, S. B. (2019). The meaning of the term ‘function’ in ecology: A coral reef perspective. Functional Ecology, 33(6), 948–961. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13265
Betaubun, A. D. S., Laiyanan, S. E. B., Renyaan, D., & Pentury, F. (2019). Persepsi penerapan sasi laut di wilayah perairan Kepulauan Kei: Upaya mendukung keberlanjutan sumber daya laut. Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan, 12(1), 136. https://doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.12.1.136-144
Bhowmik, A. K., Padmanaban, R., Cabral, P., & Romeiras, M. M. (2022). Global mangrove deforestation and its interacting social-ecological drivers: A systematic review and synthesis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(8), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084433
Bibi, S. N., Fawzi, M. M., Gokhan, Z., Rajesh, J., Nadeem, N., Rengasamy Kannan, R. R., Albuquerque, R. D. D. G., & Pandian, S. K. (2019). Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and global distribution of mangroves-a comprehensive review. Marine Drugs, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/md17040231
Birchenough, S. N. R. (2020). Science in support of ecologically sound decommissioning strategies for offshore man-made structures: Taking stock of current knowledge and considering future challenges. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77(3), 1075–1078. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa039
Bissen, R. (2020). Microplastics on beaches along the eastern Gulf of Thailand – A preliminary study. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111345
Biswas, P., & Biswas, S. R. (2021). Mangrove forests: Ecology, management, and threats. In Mangrove Forests: Ecology, Management, and Threats. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95981-8
Børresen, S. T., Ulimboka, R., Nyahongo, J., Ranke, P. S., Skjaervø, G. R., & Røskaft, E. (2022). The role of education in biodiversity conservation: Can knowledge and understanding alter locals’ views and attitudes towards ecosystem services? Environmental Education Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2117796
Cavanagh, R. D., Melbourne-Thomas, J., Grant, S. M., Barnes, D. K. A., Hughes, K. A., Halfter, S., Meredith, M. P., Murphy, E. J., Trebilco, R., & Hill, S. L. (2021). Future risk for southern ocean ecosystem services under climate change. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.615214
Celliers, L. (2020). A capital approach for assessing local coastal governance. Ocean and Coastal Management, 183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104996
Celliers, L. (2021). Negotiation of knowledge for coastal management? Reflections from a transdisciplinary experiment in South Africa. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00887-7
Chaijaroen, P. (2016). Coral reef deterioration and livelihoods of coastal communities: An economics perspective. Intech, 1, 13. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57353
Chételat, J. (2022). Climate change and mercury in the Arctic: Abiotic interactions. Science of the Total Environment, 824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153715
Chetty, P. (2022). Impact of environmental education on waste disposal behavior of Beachgoers on the Durban Central Beachfront. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 11(6), 1899–1912. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.331
Covi, M. P. (2021). Sea level rise hazardscapes of North Carolina: Perceptions of risk and prospects for policy. Ocean and Coastal Management, 212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105809
Deininger, A., Martin, A. H., Pardo, J. C. F., Berg, P. R., Bhardwaj, J., Catarino, D., Fernández-Chacón, A., Martinez-Swatson, K., Ono, K., Oomen, R. A., Sodeland, M., Sørdalen, T. K., Synnes, A. E. W., Thorbjørnsen, S. H., & Thormar, J. (2021). Coastal research seen through an early career lens—A perspective on barriers to interdisciplinarity in Norway. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.634999
Dharmawan, I. W. E., Renyaan, J., & Nurdiansah, D. (2022). Mangrove zonation, community structure and healthiness in Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(9), 4918–4927. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230962
Ding, Y. (2021). A review of China’s municipal solid waste (MSW) and comparison with international regions: Management and technologies in treatment and resource utilization. In Journal of Cleaner Production, 293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126144
Duke, N. C. (2011). Mangrove. In Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs (Issue December). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2
Efe, H. A., & Efe, R. (2022). An investigation of secondary school students’ biodiversity literacy level. Dinamika Ilmu, 20(2), 237–249.
Ekoh, S. S. (2023). Climate change and coastal megacities: Adapting through mobility. Global Environmental Change, 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102666
Ekumah, B. (2020). Assessing land use and land cover change in coastal urban wetlands of international importance in Ghana using Intensity Analysis. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 28(2), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-020-09712-5
Elegbede, I. O., Kies, F., & Jolaosho, T. L. (2020). Marine and coastal resources. Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management (Issue December). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4
Falk-Andersson, J. (2019). Citizen science for better management: Lessons learned from three Norwegian beach litter data sets. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 138, 364–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.021
Febriyanto, T., & Setiaji, M. L. (2022). Illegal fishing by other countries: Complicated law enforcement in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development, 1(2), 189–212. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijel.v1i2.58123
Ferro-Azcona, H. (2019). Adaptive capacity and social-ecological resilience of coastal areas: A systematic review. In Ocean and Coastal Management. 173, 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.01.005
Fitrian, t., Kusnadi, A., & Persilette, R. N. (2017). Seagrass community structure of Tayando-Tam Island, Southeast Moluccas, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 18(2), 788–794. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180246
Furmankiewicz, M. (2021). Climate change challenges and community-led development strategies: Do they fit together in fisheries regions? Energies, 14(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206614
García-Llorente, M. (2020). Local perceptions of ecosystem services across multiple ecosystem types in Spain. Land, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/LAND9090330
Gough, A. (2017). Educating for the marine environment: Challenges for schools and scientists. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 124(2), 633–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.069
Gullestad, P. (2020). Management of transboundary and straddling fish stocks in the Northeast Atlantic in view of climate-induced shifts in spatial distribution. Fish and Fisheries, 21(5), 1008–1026. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12485
Halim, A. (2020). Transforming traditional management into contemporary territorial-based fisheries management rights for small-scale fisheries in Indonesia. Marine Policy, 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103923
Harborne, A. R., Rogers, A., Bozec, Y.-M., & Mumby, P. J. (2017). Multiple stressors and the functioning of coral reefs. Annual Review of Marine Science, 9(1), 445–468. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060551
Hilborn, R., Amoroso, R., Collie, J., Hiddink, J. G. J., Kaiser, M. J., Mazor, T., Mcconnaughey, R. A., Parma, A. M., Pitcher, C. R., Sciberras, M., & Suuronen, P. (2023). Evaluating the sustainability and environmental impacts of trawling compared to other food production systems. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 80(6), 1567–1579. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad115
Hnatyuk, V., Pshenychna, N., Kara, S., Kolodii, V., & Yaroshchuk, L. (2024). Education’s role in fostering environmental awareness and advancing sustainable development within a holistic framework. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7(Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024spe012
Huijting, H., & Goldewijk, A. (2024). The distribution of seagrass meadows in the mediterranean sea: Its changes and implications for climate change. Utrecht University.
Ibrahim, M. S. N., Assim, M. I. S. A., Johari, S., Mohammad, S. K. W., Afandi, S. H. M., & Hassan, S. (2023). Public awareness on biodiversity conservation and well-being: case of Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak. GeoJournal, 88(3), 3471–3496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10818-x
Irani, T. (2021). Agricultural stakeholders’ perceptions of occupational health and safety in the southeastern U.S. coastal states. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126605
Jadin, J. (2022). Local community attitudes towards mangrove forest conservation. Journal for Nature Conservation, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126232
Jannat, J. N. (2023). Pollution trends and ecological risks of heavy metal(loid)s in coastal zones of Bangladesh: A chemometric review. In Marine Pollution Bulletin, 191). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114960
Kadfak, A. (2020). An (Urban) political ecology approach to small-scale fisheries in the global south. Geoforum, 108, 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.11.008
Kahal, A. (2020). Contamination and ecological risk assessment of the Red Sea coastal sediments, southwest Saudi Arabia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111125
Kennedy, P. S. J., Tobing, S. J. L., Lina, S., Heatubun, A. B., Tampubolon, E., & Toruan, R. T. (2019). Diskusi mengenai program pendidikan tinggi di wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya. Kolaborasi Inovatif Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 348–355.
Khairnar, S. O., Angad, G., & Veterinary, D. (2018). Mangrove ecosystem- Its threats and conservation. Aquafind, 1–5.
Khan, A. (2015). Assessing climate change readiness in Seychelles: implications for ecosystem-based adaptation mainstreaming and marine spatial planning. Regional Environmental Change, 15(4), 721–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0662-4
Koning, A. A., & McIntyre, P. B. (2021). Grassroots reserves rescue a river food web from cascading impacts of overharvest. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 19(3), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2293
Kumar, A., Anju, T., Archa, V., Warrier, V. P., Kumar, S., Goud, G. S., Kashyap, A. K., Singh, S., Komal, Singh, P., Kumar, R., Sharma, S., Radhakrishnan, A. M., & Ramchiary, N. (2021). Mangrove forests: Distribution, species diversity, roles, threats and conservation strategies. In Wetlands Conservation: Current Challenges and Future Strategies, (Issue September). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119692621.ch12
Kurniawan, A. (2016). Education for marginalized communities as alternative solution an the coastal areas. Cendekia: Journal of Education and Society, 14(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v14i2.821
Latuconsina, H., & Buano, T. (2021). Biodiversity and density of marine intertidal gastropods in tropical seagrass meadows on Gorom Island, East Seram, Maluku, Indonesia. Animal Biology & Animal Husbandry, 13(2), 74–83.
Leasa, M., Batlolona, J. R., & Jamaludin. (2023). Islands education studies and challenges in learning science. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 7(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v7i1.55810
Lelloltery, H., Rumanta, M., & Kunda, R. M. (2021). Strategy for marine ecotourism development based on natural resource management: Case study in Kotania Bay, Western Seram District, Maluku, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience, 13(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n130113
Li, F. (2020). Change of sea reclamation and the sea-use management policy system in China. Marine Policy, 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103861
Lima, M. do A. C., Bergamo, T. F., Ward, R. D., & Joyce, C. B. (2023). A review of seagrass ecosystem services: providing nature-based solutions for a changing world. Hydrobiologia, 850(12–13), 2655–2670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05244-0
Limmon, G. V., & Manuputty, G. D. (2021). Coral reef condition at north coastal of Haruku Island Maluku Tengah. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 777(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/777/1/012042
Lokollo, F. F., Sangaji, S. N., Loupatty, S. R., & Pattiasina, T. F. (2022). Community structure and spatial distribution of seagrass in Tulehu coastal waters, Central Maluku Regency, Indonesia. AACL, 15. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
Maiti, S. K., & Chowdhury, A. (2013). Effects of anthropogenic pollution on mangrove biodiversity: A review. Journal of Environmental Protection, 04(12), 1428–1434. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.412163
Manangkalangi, E., Sembel, L., Tebaiy, S., Manuputty, A., Rumayomi, M. R., Musyeri, P., Sawaki, D., Orissu, D., Manumpil, A. W., & Kaber, Y. (2022). Evaluation of seagrass beds as a foraging and nursery habitat based on the structure of the fish community in Nusmapi Island, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(10), 5165–5174. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d231024
Martika, L. D., Hamzah, A., & Puspasari, O. R. (2024). The dynamics of financial literacy and accounting literacy in coastal communities. Jurnal Akuntansi, 28(2), 300–318. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v28i2.1856
Martin, S. (2020). Factors associated with early childhood stunted growth in a 2012-2015 birth cohort monitored in the rural Msambweni area of coastal Kenya: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02110-z
McCauley, V., McHugh, P., Davison, K., & Domegan, C. (2019). Collective intelligence for advancing ocean literacy. Environmental Education Research, 25(2), 280–291. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2018.1553234
Merlino, S. (2021). Citizen science for marine litter detection and classification on unmanned aerial vehicle images. Water (Switzerland), 13(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233349
Mirzaei, M. (2020). Spatial-seasonal variations and ecological risk of heavy metals in Persian gulf coastal region: Case study of Iran 05 Environmental Sciences 0502 Environmental Science and Management 04 Earth Sciences 0402 Geochemistry. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 18(1), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-019-00441-3
Morante-Carballo, F. (2023). Evaluation of the potential of coastal cliffs as geosites for the promotion of geotourism. Geography and Sustainability, 4(4), 356–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2023.08.003
Moss, Andrew., Jensen, Eric., & Gusset, Markus. (2014). A global evaluation of biodiversity literacy in zoo and aquarium visitors (Issue October). WAZA Executive Office.
Mualo, A., Tuhumena, L., Hisyam, M., Rumahorbo, B. T., Hamzah, H., Wambrauw, D. Z. K., & Manalu, K. A. A. (2024). Diversity of coral reef and reef fish in Isau Island, Central Maluku, Indonesia. AACL, 17. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
Muin, A., & Rakuasa, H. (2023). Sasi laut as a culture of natural resources conservation to overcome the tragedy of the commons in Maluku Province. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science, 1(03), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v1i03.139
Mukarram, M. M. T. (2023). Perception of coastal citizens on the prospect of community-based rainwater harvesting system for sustainable water resource management. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107196
Nadia Putri Rachma Persada, Fachruddin M Mangunjaya, & Imran S L Tobing. (2018). Sasi sebagai budaya konservasi sumber daya alam di Kepulauan Maluku. Ilmu Dan Budaya, 41(59), 6869–6900.
Namakule, U., Rehena, J. F., & Rumahlatu, D. (2017). Seagrass community structure in various zones in coastal waters of Haya village, Central Moluccas district. AACL, 10. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
Narany, T. S. (2018). The long-term impacts of anthropogenic and natural processes on groundwater deterioration in a multilayered aquifer. Science of the Total Environment, 630, 931–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.190
Nismawati, N., Oruh, S., Kamaruddin, S. A., Agustang, A., & Wirda, M. A. (2022). Awareness of the importance of children’s education in the small island fisherman community (Case study of Liukang Loe Island). Jurnal Geografi, 15(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.24114/jg.v15i1.34027
O’Brien, M., Freitas, C., Venzo, P., & Francis, P. (2023). Fostering ocean literacy through informal marine education programs. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 193(May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115208
OECD. (2021). Adapting to a changing climate in the management of wildfires (Issue ENV/EPOC/WPCID(2021)6).
Palm, K. E. (2021). Management of local fisheries: A case study of Laoang, Northern Samar, Philippines. Marine Policy, 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104657
Sipahelut, P., Wakano, D., & Sahertian, D.E. (2019). Keanekaragaman jenis dan dominansi mangrove di pesisir pantai Desa Sehati Kecamatan Amahai, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. BIOSEL (Biology Science and Education): Jurnal Penelitian Science Dan Pendidikan, 8(2), 160–170.
Penniman, T. (2021). Coral reefs: Strategies for ecosystems on the edge (pp. 1–10). International Institute for Sustainable Development.
Perry, C. T., Salter, M. A., Lange, I. D., Kochan, D. P., Harborne, A. R., & Graham, N. A. J. (2022). Geo-ecological functions provided by coral reef fishes vary among regions and impact reef carbonate cycling regimes. Ecosphere, 13(12), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4288
Prasad, H., Desai, A. Y., Temkar, G. S., & Neelmani. (2023). Coral reef: Their importance, threats and conservation strategies. 13, 65–68.
Ryan, C. (2021). Social consequences of airbnb–a New Zealand case study of cause and effect. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(10), 1565–1585. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1860073
Saengsupavanich, C., Agarwala, N., Magdalena, I., Ratnayake, A. S., & Ferren, V. (2024). Impacts of a growing population on the coastal environment of the Bay of Bengal. Anthropocene Coasts, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44218-024-00055-9
Sahetapy, D., Limon, G. V., Tetelepta, J. M. S., Pattikawa, J. A., Rijoly, F., Masrikat, J. A. N., & Loupatty, S. R. (2021). Coral reef condition in the coastal waters of Kei Besar Island, Southeast Maluku-Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 805(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/805/1/012002
Salampessy, M. L., Nugroho, B., Kartodiharjo, H., & Kusmana, C. (2024). Local institutions performance in mangrove forest management on small islands: Case study in Buano Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 12(2), 296–323. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v12i2.840
Selvaraj, J. J. (2022). The economic vulnerability of fishing households to climate change in the south Pacific region of Colombia. Heliyon, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09425
Shahnaz, L., & Syaprillah, A. (2022). Legal management of natural resources in coastal region of Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1083(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1083/1/012034
Sholeh, S., Evianovita, D. I. N., Mayasari, A. Y., & Sudewo, A. A. (2024). The role of the community in the vevelopment of mangrove forest ecotourism in Pasar Banggi, Rembang Regency. Indonesian Journal of Environment and Disaster, 3(1), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.20961/ijed.v3i1.1207
Short, F. T., Short, C. A., & Novak, A. B. (2016). Seagrasses. In: C.M. Finlayson, G.R. Milton, R.C. Prentice and N.C. Davidson (eds.). In The Wetland Book: II: Distribution, Description and Conservation. Springer, (Issue February).. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6173-5
Simeoni, C. (2023). Evaluating the combined effect of climate and anthropogenic stressors on marine coastal ecosystems: Insights from a systematic review of cumulative impact assessment approaches. Science of the Total Environment, 861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160687
Sitanala, R. S. D. (2018). Efektifitas penegakan hukum terhadap eksploitasi sumber daya perikanan di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1983. Sasi, 24(2), 161–167.
Steven, A., Addo, K. A., Llewellyn, G., Ca, V. T., Boateng, I., Bustamante, R., Doropoulos, C., Gillies, C., Hemer, M., Lopes, P., Kairo, J., Rahman, M., Ravaoarinorotsihoarana, L. A., Saunders, M., Sumaila, U. R., Sidik, F., Teh, L., Vanderklift, M., & Vozzo, M. (2023). Coastal development: Resilience, restoration and infrastructure requirements. The Blue Compendium. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_7
Sukandar, Samuel, P. D., Dewi, C. S. U., Pratiwi, I. D., Anam, M. C., Beno, J. E., & Fatmawati, R. (2022). Current status of the coral reef ecosystem in Gresik Regency, East Java. AACL Bioflux, 15(4), 1692–1702.
Sultana, S., Huang, R., Van Zwieten, L., Wang, H., & Wu, J. (2023). Trapping effect of mangrove and saltmarsh habitats on geochemical elements: a case study in Ximen Island, Zhejiang, China. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 23(6).
Supriyadi, I. H., Iswari, M. Y., Rahmawati, S., Riniatsih, I., Suyarso, & Hafizt, M. (2024). Seagrass ecosystems in Eastern Indonesia: Status, diversity, and management challenges. Ilmu Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences, 29(4), 503–518. https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.29.4.503-518
Suryawan, I. W. K. (2024). Importance-performance dynamics and willingness to pay in coastal areas for climate-adaptive Marine Debris Management. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2024.103596
Syakti, A. D. (2017). Beach macro-litter monitoring and floating microplastic in a coastal area of Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 122(1), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.046
Syukur, A., Al Idrus, A., Zulkifli, L., & Mahrus, M. (2021). The potential of seagrass ecotourism as an indicator of conservation in the Coastal Waters of East Lombok. Journal of Science and Science Education, 1(1), 41–63. https://doi.org/10.29303/jossed.v1i1.643
Tang, K. H. D., & Hadibarata, T. (2022). Seagrass meadows under the changing climate: A Review of the impacts of climate stressors. Research in Ecology, 4(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.30564/re.v4i1.4363
Thom, B. (2020). The role of coastal processes in the management of the mouth of the River Murray, Australia: Present and future challenges. In River Research and Applications. 36(4), 656–667. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3551
Tuapattinaya, P., Pattiasina, E. B., Pattipeilohy, J., Sahetapy, M., & Wattimena, C. (2023). Profil struktur komunitas lamun di perairan pantai Kelapa Indah Desa Mahu Kecamatan Saparua Timur sebagai sumber pembelajaran biologi. BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan, 10(1), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.30598/biopendixvol10issue1page148-155
Turicchia, E. (2021). MedSens index: The bridge between marine citizen science and coastal management. Ecological Indicators, 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107296
Tuwo, A., & Tresnati, J. (2021). Coral reef ecosystem. In Advances in Biology Sciences and Biotechnology. (Issue May, 77–104). Integrated Publications Integrated. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73613-2_2
United Nations. (2015). The 2030 agenda for sustainable development’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
United Nations. (2022). The sustainable development goals report 2022.
Veron, J. E. N. (2009). Corals and corals reefs. In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. 198–206.
Visbeck, M., Kronfeld-Goharani, U., Neumann, B., Rickels, W., Schmidt, J., van Doorn, E., Matz-Lück, N., Ott, K., & Quaas, M. F. (2014). Securing blue wealth: The need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts. Marine Policy, 48, 184–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.03.005
Wang, W. (2023). Cultural ecosystem services evaluation in a coastal city of China using social media data. Ocean and Coastal Management, 242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106693
Widayanti, T. F., Djafar, E. M., Hakim, M. Z., Rivanie, S. S., & Ashri, M. (2022). Legal protection concerning marine environment and coastal areas in Indonesia based on the convention on biological diversity (CBD). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1119(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1119/1/012006
Wootton, N., Nursey-Bray, M., Holland, S., & Gillanders, B. M. (2024). Better understanding ocean awareness: Insights from young people. Marine Policy, 164(August 2023), 106159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106159
Yang, Y. (2023). Evaluation and optimization of cultural perception of coastal Greenway landscape based on structural equation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032540
Zeller, M. A., Van Dam, B. R., Lopes, C., McKenna, A. M., Osburn, C. L., Fourqurean, J. W., Kominoski, J. S., & Böttcher, M. E. (2024). The unique biogeochemical role of carbonate-associated organic matter in a subtropical seagrass meadow. Communications Earth and Environment, 5(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01832-7
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Zubaidah, Fajar Adinugraha, Kristin Sangur, Dominggus Rumahlatu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with BIOEDUPAT: Pattimura Journal of Biology and Learning agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
This work is licensed under a 