Antibacterial Activity Test of African Leaf Extract (Gymnanthemum amygdalinum Del.) against the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Abstract
The increasing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections has encouraged the search for safer and more effective natural alternatives. One potential medicinal plant is African leaf, which contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and saponins with antibacterial properties. These compounds work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and damaging cell membranes. This study aimed to determine the protease enzyme activity of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, evaluate the antibacterial activity of African leaf extract, identify the most effective extract concentration, and compare its inhibitory effects on both bacteria. The study used a qualitative protease test with Skim Milk Agar (SMA) media and an antibacterial assay using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The results showed that E. coli exhibited protease activity, indicated by the formation of a clear zone, whereas S. aureus did not. African leaf extract inhibited the growth of both bacteria, with stronger activity against E. coli. The inhibitory effect increased with higher extract concentrations, reaching optimal activity at 80%.
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