Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Chrysophyllum albidum Seed Sodium Alginate Copolymers for Methylene Blue Removal

  • Nathanael Yinka Ilesanmi Department of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo Ogun State
  • Funmilola Yetunde Falope Department of Chemical Sciences, Bells University Ota, Ogun State
  • Adeiza Emmanuel Samuel Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Zuru, Kebbi State-Nigeria
  • Esther Ayodotun Ilesanmi Department of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo Ogun State
  • Bamitale Fabiyi Department of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo Ogun State
  • Edwin Andrew Ofudje Department of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo Ogun State
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2026.14-nat
Keywords: adsorption, Chrysophyllum albidum seed, copolymer, sodium alginate, Box Behnken

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the methylene blue adsorption performance of sodium alginate-based copolymers synthesized from acid-treated and base-treated Chrysophyllum albidum seed. The copolymers were prepared through chemical pretreatment and copolymerization with sodium alginate, then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy to assess functional groups, structural arrangement, and surface morphology. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time, while the data were evaluated using Box Behnken optimization, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The base-treated copolymer showed superior adsorption performance, achieving 90.1% maximum methylene blue removal compared with 79.9% for the acid-treated copolymer. It also recorded higher Langmuir adsorption capacity, stronger adsorption intensity, and better surface accessibility. The optimum conditions were pH 10.45, dosage 0.58 g, temperature 36.77 °C, and contact time 174.47 min, with desirability of 1.000. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model. The results indicate that base-treated Chrysophyllum albidum seed sodium alginate copolymer is a promising low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal from wastewater.

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Published
2026-05-22
How to Cite
(1)
Ilesanmi, N. Y.; Falope, F. Y.; Samuel, A. E.; Ilesanmi, E. A.; Fabiyi, B.; Ofudje, E. A. Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Chrysophyllum Albidum Seed Sodium Alginate Copolymers for Methylene Blue Removal. Indo. J. Chem. Res. 2026, 14, 40-52.
Issue
Vol 14 No 1 (2026): Edition for May 2026
Section
Research articles

Copyright (c) 2026 Nathanael Yinka Ilesanmi, Funmilola Yetunde Falope, Adeiza Emmanuel Samuel, Esther Ayodotun Ilesanmi, Bamitale Fabiyi, Edwin Andrew Ofudje

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