PERFORMA SELEKSI POPULASI DASAR TETUA AYAM KAMPUNG PEDAGING PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN LEIHITU BARAT
SELECTION PERFORMANCE FOR MEAT PRODUCTION OF NATIVE CHICKENS POPULATION ON VILLAGE BREEDING SYSTEM IN LEIHITU BARAT DISTRICT
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi performa ayam Kampung pada sistem produksi dan menilai potensi produktif ayam kampung sebagai calon tetua untuk tujuan produksi daging dalam pola pembibitan pada peternakan rakyat di Kecamatan Leihitu Barat Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Proses pengamatan dan pengukuran terhadap 206 ekor sampel ayam dengan umur di atas 22 minggu pada 12 pemilik ayam lokal di 5 desa terpilih. Responden peternak dan sampel ayam dipilih melalui metode pengambilan sampel bertingkat, dan diharapkan dapat diikutkan dalam pola pembibitan pada skala peternakan rakyat (village breeding scheme). Performa ayam yang diukur meliputi bobot badan, lingkar dada, panjang sayap, panjang paha, panjang betis, panjang shank, dan lebar pubis. Seleksi populasi dasar ayam lokal sebagai calon pejantan dan induk untuk tujuan produksi daging dikelompokan menggunakan distribusi normal berdasarkan cluster bobot badannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan perfoma bobot badannya maka pada kelompok inti dibiakkan ayam calon jantan dengan bobot badan di atas 2435 g sebanyak 4,08% dan ayam betina sebagai calon induk dengan bobot badan di atas 1601 g sebanyak 20,37% dari populasi ternak. Pada kelompok pembiak ayam yang dikembangbiakan yaitu ayam calon pejantan dengan bobot badan 1600 – kurang dari 2435 g sebanyak 45,92% dan ayam betina sebagai calon induk dengan bobot badan berkisar 1033-1600 g sebanyak 61,11% dari populasi ternak terpilih. Sedangkan pada kelompok niaga, ayam yang dikembangbiakan yaitu ayam calon pejantan dengan bobot lebih kecil dari 1600 g sebanyak 50% dan ayam betina sebagai calon induk dengan bobot badan kurang dari 1033 g sebanyak 18,52% dari populasi ternak terpilih.
ABSTRACT
This research aims to characterize the performance of native chickens in the production system and assess the productive potential of native chickens as potential parents for meat production purposes in breeding patterns on smallholder farms in West Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency. The process of observing and measuring 206 samples of chickens over 22 weeks old from 12 local chicken owners in 5 selected villages. Farmer respondents and chicken samples were selected using a stratified sampling method, and are expected to be included in the village breeding scheme. The chicken performance measured includes body weight, chest circumference, wing length, thigh length, calf length, shank length, and pubic width. Selection of the basic population of local chickens as prospective males and broodstock for meat production purposes was grouped using a normal distribution based on body weight clusters. The results of the research showed that based on body weight performance, 4.08% of the core group was bred as prospective male chickens with a body weight above 2435 g and 20.37% of the female chickens as prospective broodstock with a body weight above 1601 g were bred. In the chicken breeder group, 45.92% of the prospective male chickens with a body weight of 1600 - less than 2435 g were bred and female chickens as prospective broodstock with a body weight ranging from 1033-1600 g were 61.11% of the selected livestock population. Meanwhile, in the commercial group, 50% of the chickens bred are prospective male chickens weighing less than 1600 g and 18.52% of the selected livestock population are female chickens with a body weight of less than 1033 g.
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References
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