INFESTASI CAPLAK (Acari: Ixodidae) PADA KERBAU MOA DI PULAU MOA KABUPATEN MALUKU BARAT DAYA
TICK INFESTATION (Acari: Ixodidae) IN MOA BUFFALO ON MOA ISLAND SOUTHWEST MALUKU REGENCY
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jumlah, distribusi, dan preferensi infestasi caplak (famili Ixodidae) pada kerbau Moa di tiga desa di Kabupaten Maluku Barat Daya, yakni Klis, Tounwawan, dan Werwaru. Sebanyak 900 individu caplak berhasil dikoleksi dan didominasi oleh genus Haemaphysalis. Analisis infestasi berdasarkan lokasi menunjukkan bahwa Desa Klis memiliki jumlah kerbau terinfestasi tertinggi sebanyak 28 ekor, disusul oleh Desa Tounwawan dan Werwaru masing-masing dengan 15 ekor. Infestasi berdasarkan kelompok umur menunjukkan prevalensi yang signifikan lebih tinggi pada kerbau dewasa dibandingkan pedet (anak kerbau). Tidak ditemukan infestasi pada pedet di Desa Klis dan Tounwawan, sedangkan pada kelompok dewasa ditemukan masing-masing 325 dan 250 individu caplak dengan rata-rata infestasi per ekor sebesar 13 dan 12,5. Di Desa Werwaru, pedet menunjukkan infestasi ringan (rata-rata 0,38 caplak per ekor), sedangkan kelompok dewasa mengalami infestasi yang lebih berat dengan total 320 caplak (rata-rata 14,55 caplak per ekor). Berdasarkan bagian tubuh yang terinfestasi, telinga merupakan lokasi dominan dengan jumlah 369 caplak (41% dari total). Hal ini kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh sifat telinga yang hangat, lembap, dan relatif terlindung, sehingga menjadi habitat ideal bagi caplak untuk berkembang biak. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam strategi pengendalian caplak yang efektif, dengan memperhatikan faktor umur, lokasi tubuh, dan distribusi spasial infestasi.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to identify the number, distribution, and infestation preferences of ticks (family Ixodidae) on Moa buffalo in three villages in the Southwest Maluku Regency, i.e Klis, Tounwawan, and Werwaru. A total of 900 tick specimens were collected, predominantly from the genus Haemaphysalis. Infestation analysis based on location showed that Klis had the highest number of infested buffalo (28 individuals), followed by Tounwawan and Werwaru with 15 individuals each. Age-based infestation data revealed a significantly higher prevalence in adult buffalo compared to calves. No infestation was recorded in calves from Klis and Tounwawan, while adult buffalo in these villages were infested with 325 and 250 ticks, respectively, with an average of 13 and 12.5 ticks per animal. In Werwaru, calves showed mild infestation (average of 0.38 ticks per animal), while adult buffalo had more severe infestations with 320 ticks found (average of 14.55 per animal). Analysis of tick attachment sites on the buffalo's body revealed the ears as the most commonly infested area, with a total of 369 ticks (41% of the total count). This is likely due to the ears' warm, moist, and sheltered conditions, making them an ideal site for tick survival and reproduction. These findings are expected to serve as a basis for developing effective tick control strategies, considering factors such as age, body part preference, and spatial distribution of infestations.
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References
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