EFEKTIVITAS INFUSA DAUN HERBAL TERHADAP BOBOT AKHIR, PERSENTASE KARKAS, DAN KESEHATAN ORGAN AYAM BROILER
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HERBAL LEAF INFUSION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS, AND INTERNAL ORGAN HEALTH IN BROILER CHICKENS
Abstract
Penggunaan bahan alami sebagai imbuhan pakan atau minuman dalam peternakan modern terus dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan performa ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas infusa daun herbal terhadap bobot akhir, persentase karkas, dan kesehatan organ dalam ayam broiler. Sebanyak 200 ekor DOC broiler strain Mabar tanpa pemisahan jenis kelamin digunakan dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan, masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari sepuluh ekor ayam. Perlakuan terdiri atas: P0 (kontrol, tanpa infusa), P1 (infusa daun mengkudu 40 ml/l air minum), P2 (infusa daun pandan 40 ml/l air minum), dan P3 (infusa daun pepaya 40 ml/l air minum). Peubah yang diamati meliputi bobot akhir, persentase karkas, persentase lemak abdominal, persentase bobot hati, dan persentase bobot jantung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infusa daun herbal memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,01) terhadap bobot akhir, dimana perlakuan P3 menghasilkan bobot tertinggi (1,63±0,06 kg), serta berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap persentase karkas, dengan perlakuan P3 menghasilkan nilai tertinggi (67,90±2,13). Selain itu, infusa juga berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap penurunan lemak abdominal, dengan nilai terendah pada perlakuan P3 (1,83±0,05). Persentase hati menujukkan perbedaan sangat nyata (p<0,01) dengan nilai terendah pada perlakuan P3 (1,84±0,06), sedangkan persentase jantung tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P>0,05) dengan kisaran 0,60-0,67%. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian infusa daun herbal, khususnya daun pepaya berpotensi meningkatkan performa pertumbuhan dan menurunkan lemak abdominal tanpa mengganggu kualitas karkas dan kesehatan jantung ayam broiler.
ABSTRACT
The use of natural ingredients as feed or drinking water additives in modern poultry farming continues to be developed to improve livestock performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal leaf infusions on live weight, carcass percentage, and internal organ health in broiler chickens. A total of 200 unsexed DOC broilers of the Mabar strain were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications, with each replication consisting of ten birds. The treatments were as follows: P0 (control, without infusion), P1 (noni leaf infusion at 40 ml/L of drinking water), P2 (pandan leaf infusion at 40 ml/L), and P3 (papaya leaf infusion at 40 ml/L). The observed variables included final body weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat percentage, liver weight percentage, and heart weight percentage. The results showed that herbal leaf infusions had a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on live weight, with treatment P3 yielding the highest weight (1.63 ± 0.06 kg), and a significant effect (p<0.05) on carcass percentage, with treatment P3 showing the highest value (67.90 ± 2.13%). In addition, the infusions significantly reduced abdominal fat (p<0.05), with the lowest value observed in treatment P3 (1.83 ± 0.05%). Liver percentage showed a highly significant difference (p<0.01), with the lowest value also in treatment P3 (1.84 ± 0.06%), while heart percentage showed no significant difference among treatments (P>0.05), ranging from 0.60 to 0.67%. It is concluded that administering herbal leaf infusions, particularly papaya leaf infusion, has the potential to enhance growth performance and reduce abdominal fat without negatively affecting carcass quality and heart health in broiler chickens
Downloads
References
Akbar, M. & Rosyidin, C. (2016). Pengaruh pemberian sari buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia linn) dalam air minum dan frekuensi pemberiannya terhadap performa ayam broiler. Jurnal Ilmiah Fillia Cendekia, 1(2), 15-24. https://ejournal.uniska-kediri.ac.id/index.php/FilliaCendekia/article/view/46.
Auza, F. A., Badaruddin, R., Dhian-Isnaeni, P., Kimestri, A. B., Kendari, H., Mokodompit, J. H. E. A., Hijau, K., Tridharma, B., & Tenggara, S. (2023). Profil organ pencernaan, kualitas karkas dan potongan bagian karkas ayam broiler yang diberi tepung daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia Linn) fermentasi sebagai imbuhan pakan. Jurnal Galung Tropika, 12(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.31850/jgt.v12i1.1075.
Aziz, I. N., Widjastuti, T., & Hasbuna, A. (2022). Pengaruh penambahan ekstrak buah mengkudu yang disuplementasi cu dan zn dalam ransum terhadap bobot potong, karkas, giblet, dan lemak abdominal ayam Sentul. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran, 22(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.24198/jit.v22i1.38204.
Cao, S., Liu, M., Han, Y., Li, S., Zhu, X., Li, D., ... & Liu, B. (2024). Effects of saponins on lipid metabolism: the gut–liver axis plays a key role. Nutrients, 16(10), 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101514.
Eglite, S., Mancevica, L., & Ilgaza, A. (2023). Effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus farciminis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth and production indicators of broiler chickens. Journal of World's Poultry Research, 13(3), 307-316. http://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.33.
Fadlilah, S. H., De Silva, G., Suhartomo, D. M., & Yusan, R. T. (2024). The potential of noni (orinda citrifolia l.) as an anti-diabetic. MAGNA MEDIKA: Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 11(1), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.11.1.2024.83-96.
Fati, N., Siregar, R., Lutfi, U., Syukriani, D., and Malvin, T. 2019. Broiler response on increase in flour leaves miana (Coleus atropurpureus, l) as a feed aditive in ration. EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA 20(2): 52–61. https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol20-iss2/203
Halimah, H., Suci, D. M., & Wijayanti, I. (2019). Studi potensi penggunaan daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia l.) sebagai bahan antibakteri Escherichia coli dan Salmonella typhimurium. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 24(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.24.1.58.
Harmini, H., Saenab, A., & Pasaribu, T. (2023, June). Effect of Phyllanthus niruri linn powder in feed on the relative weight of broiler immune and visceral organs. In Proceedings Of The 4th International Conference Of Animal Science And Technology (ICAST 2021) (Vol. 2628, No. 1, p. 030005). http://doi.org/10.1063/5.0143995.
Insawake, K., Songserm, T., Songserm, O., Theapparat, Y., Adeyemi, K. D., Rassmidatta, K., & Ruangpanit, Y. (2024). Flavonoids, isoquinoline alkaloids, and their combinations affect growth performance, inflammatory status, and gut microbiome of broilers under high stocking density and heat stress. Animals, 15(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15010071.
Istiyanto, R. A., Hartati, L., & Sihite, M. (2024). Pemberian ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) dengan dosis berbeda untuk meningkatkan performa broiler fase starter. Agrinimal: Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman, 12(2), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2024.12.2.51-57.
Juliyanti & Zubaidah, S. (2022). Analisis biaya bahan pakan lokal sebagai ransum ayam broiler. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan, 10(1), 30-43. https://doi.org/10.51179/jip.v10i1.1141.
Jumiati, S., Nuraini, dan R. Aka. 2017. Bobot potong, karkas, giblet dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler yang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza, roxb) dalam pakan. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Tropis. Vol. 4 (3): 11-19. https://doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v4i3.3634.
Liu, Y., Mapa, M. S., & Sprando, R. L. (2020). Liver toxicity of anthraquinones: A combined in vitro cytotoxicity and in silico reverse dosimetry evaluation. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 140, 111313. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111313.
Marhayani, M., & Harmoko, H. (2019). Penggunaan tepung daun pepaya terhadap organ dalam ayam kampung. Tolis Ilmiah: Jurnal Penelitian, 1(2), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.56630/jti.v1i2.13.
Marrelli, M., Conforti, F., Araniti, F., & Statti, G. A. (2016). Effects of saponins on lipid metabolism: A review of potential health benefits in the treatment of obesity. Molecules, 21(10), 1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101404.
Martorell, M., Castro, N., Victoriano, M., Capó, X., Tejada, S., Vitalini, S., ... & Sureda, A. (2021). An update of anthraquinone derivatives emodin, diacerein, and catenarin in diabetes. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021(1), 3313419. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3313419.
Meidita, F. (2020). Produksi Daging Broiler Fungsional Tinggi Omega-3 dan Antioksidan Melalui Pemberian Minyak Ikan Lemuru, Vitamin E dan Selenium. Tesis. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Mukti, F. (2023). Pengaruh Pemberian Infusa Buah Mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia Linn) dan Larutan Gula Merah Terhadap Kualitas Karkas Ayam Broiler. Skripsi. Lampung : Politeknik Negeri Lampung.
Nilawati, N., & Gustian, A. (2023). Persentase hati, jantung, dan lemak abdominal broiler dengan pemberian serbuk pinang dalam ransum. Wahana Peternakan, 7(2): 126–134. https://doi.org/10.37090/jwputb.v7i2.1008.
Nova, T.D., Sabrina, S., & Maimonalisa, M. (2021). The level of utilization of papaya leaf flour (carica papaya l) in feed on the performance of internal organ weight and abdominal fat of KUB chickens. 9th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP 2021). http://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220207.015.
Nurdin, P., Haroen, U., & Sumadja, W. A. (2022). Pengaruh penggunaan temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria) sebagai feed additive alami dalam ransum terhadap panjang usus, bobot hati dan bobot pankreas ayam broiler. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 25(2), 148-160. http://doi.org/10.22437/jiiip.v25i2.19624.
Nurhidayat, F., Mahfudz, L. D., & Sunarti, D. (2020). Efek perbedaan dataran terhadap produksi karkas ayam broiler yang dipelihara di kandang closed house. Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia, 15(4), 406-413. https://doi.org/10.31186/jspi.id.15.4.406-413.
Obianwuna, U. E., Chang, X., Oleforuh-Okoleh, V. U., Onu, P. N., Zhang, H., Qiu, K., & Wu, S. (2024). Phytobiotics in poultry: Revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant-derived gut health enhancers. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 15, 169. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01101-9.
Oktavia, H., Rochmi, S.E., Suprayogi, T.W., & Legowo, D. (2021). Weight gain and feed conversion of broiler chickens in reviewed from cage temperature and humidity. Journal of Applied Veterinary Science and Technology, 2(1), 5-9. http://doi.org/10.20473/javest.V2.I1.2021.5-9.
Ouyang, K., Xu, M., Jiang, Y., & Wang, W. (2016). Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on broiler performance, meat quality, and gene expression. Canadian Journal of animal science, 96(3), 332-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/CJAS-2015-0132.
Pompeu, M. A., L. F. L. Cavalcanti, dan F. L. B. Toral. (2018). Effect of vitamin e supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, and immune response of male broiler chickens: a meta-analysis. Livestock Science Elsevier B.V. 208: 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.021.
Praptiwi, I. I., & Wahida. (2023). Pengaruh bentuk pakan terhadap laju pertumbuhan bobot badan ayam broiler. Journal Agricola, 13(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.35724/ag.v13i1.5346.
Prasetya, S., R. B. Lestari, dan R. Perkasa. (2023). Pengaruh pemberian air infusa daun sekentut (Paederia foetida) dalam air minum terhadap organ dalam dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler. Jurnal Peternakan Borneo, 2(1):11–17. https://doi.org/10.26418/jpb.v2i1.73164.
Prihambodo, T. R., Sholikin, M. M., Qomariyah, N., Jayanegara, A., Batubara, I., Utomo, D. B., & Nahrowi, N. (2020). Effects of dietary flavonoids on performance, blood constituents, carcass composition and small intestinal morphology of broilers: a meta-analysis. Animal Bioscience, 34(3), 434. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.20.0379.
Priyambodo, D., Dewi, I., & Ayuningtyas, G. (2020). Preferensi konsumen terhadap daging ayam broiler di era new normal. Jurnal Sains Terapan, 10(2), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.10.2.83-97.
Qurniawan, A., Arief, I. I. dan Afnan, R. (2016). Performans produksi ayam pedaging pada lingkungan pemeliharaan dengan ketinggian yang berbeda di Sulawesi Selatan. J. Vet. 7(4): 622-633. https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2016.17.4.622.
Rajasekhar, P. (2017). Nutritional and medicinal value of papaya (Carica papaya linn.). World Journal Of Pharmacy And Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(8), 2559-2578. http://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20178-9947.
Ramaiyulis, Mairizal, Salvia, N. Fati, dan T. Malvin. (2023). Effects of dietary catechin uncaria gambir extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma lipids, antioxidant activity and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. International Journal of Veterinary Science, 12(2): 169–174. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijvs/2022.177.
Rasbawati, Almahdali, & Munir. (2022). Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya l) dalam air minum terhadap berat dan persentase karkas broiler. Rekasatwa: Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan, 4(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.33474/rekasatwa.v4i1.15749.
Rehan, M., Mudafi, Z.W.K., Kurniawan, F., Nabila, A., & Basriwijaya, K.M.Z. (2025). Pengaruh harga pakan terhadap produktivitas ayam ras pedaging di Indonesia. Botani : Publikasi Ilmu Tanaman dan Agribisnis, 2(1), 144-152. https://doi.org/10.62951/botani.v2i1.1.
Rudi, Rahmatullah, S. N., & Ismanto, A. (2021). Pengaruh pemberian infusa daun tambora (ageratum conyzoides l) terhadap kualitas karkas ayam broiler. Jurnal Peternakan Lingkungan Tropis, 4(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.30872/jpltrop.v4i1.5153.
Rylian, A. K., Irwani, N., & Sukaryana, Y. (2021). Produktivitas broiler yang diberikan infusa daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Jurnal Peternakan Terapan (PETERPAN), 3(2), 53–56. https://doi.org/10.25181/peterpan.v3i2.2240.
Sadjadi, S., Herlina, B., & Novita, B. (2022). Penambahan tepung buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia l.) sebagai imbuhan pakan terhadap bobot organ dalam ayam broiler. Jurnal Inspirasi Peternakan, 2(1), 250-258. https://doi.org/10.36085/jinak.v1i3.2415.
Sihombing, S. N., Malvin, T., Fati, N., & Nilawati. (2024). Pengaruh penambahan infusa daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) dalam air minum terhadap organ hati, jantung, limpa dan usus Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 27(2), 164–176. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiiip.v27i2.35809.
Sikumbang, C. M., Nilawati, Malvin, T., & Fati, N. (2024). Pengaruh penambahan infusa daun pandan (Pandanus amaryllifous, r) terhadap bobot karkas, persentase karkas dan lemak abdominal. Buletin Peternakan Tropis, 5(2), 205–213. https://doi.org/10.31186/bpt.5.2.205-213.
Srivastava, R., Jaiswal, N., Kharkwal, H., Dubey, N.K., & Srivastava, R. (2025). Phytomedical properties of carica papaya for boosting human immunity against viral infections. Viruses, 17(2), 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17020271.
Sriyani, N. L. P., Wirapartha, M., & Dewi, G. A. M. K. (2023). Penampilan produksi dan karakteristik karkas ayam joper yang diberi aditif ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya l.) pada air minum. Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan, 26(2), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.2483/MIP.2023.v26.i03.p06.
Surah, M., Sompie, F. N., Kowel, Y. H., & Imbar, M. R. (2020). Pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun pepaya (Carica papaya l) sebagai pengganti sebagian ransum basal terhadap persentase karkas dan persentase lemak abdomen ayam pedaging. ZOOTEC, 40(2), 756-762. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.2.2020.30290.
Suryani, C. L., S. Tamaroh, A. Ardiyan, dan A. Setyowati. (2018). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) dan fraksi-fraksinya. Agritech 37(3): 271–279. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.11312.
Tan, Z., Halter, B., Liu, D., Gilbert, E. R., & Cline, M. A. (2022). Dietary flavonoids as modulators of lipid metabolism in poultry. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 863860. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.863860.
Tanjung, F., Widyastuti, T., & Tanwiriah, W. (2024). The effect of additioning microencapsulation products of noni fruit extract (Morinda citrifolia linn) in the ration on the performance of developer phase sentul chickens. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran, 24(2), 179-185. https://doi.org/10.24198/jit.v24i2.57920.
Tuntun, M. (2016). Uji efektivitas ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya l.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia Coli dan Staphylococcus Aureus. Jurnal Kesehatan, 57(3), 497-502. https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v7i3.235.
Ugbogu, E.A., Dike, E.D., Uche, M.E., Etumnu, L.R., Okoro, B.C., Ugbogu, O.C., Adurosakin, O.E., Chinma, C.E., Ohaeri, E., & Iweala, E.E. (2023). Ethnomedicinal uses, nutritional composition, phytochemistry and potential health benefits of Carica papaya. Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine, 7, 100266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2023.100266.
Utami, M. M. D., Fitriana, M., & Dewi, A. C. (2023). Penambahan ekstrak buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) dalam air minum terhadap performa broiler. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan, 7(1), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v7i1.4371.
Zahrani, U. T., Rahayu, I. D., Ulandari, A. S., & Triyandi, R. (2025). Kandungan senyawa fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.): Narrative review. Jurnal Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Umum dan Farmasi, 3(2), 40–51. https://doi.org/10.57213/jrikuf.v3i2.599.
