KECERNAAN RANSUM AYAM BROILER DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MIKROKAPSUL EKSTRAK LIMBAH IKAN PATIN FERMENTASI
DIGESTIBILITY VALUE OF BROILER CHICKEN RATION WITH THE ADDITION OF FERMENTED CATFISH WASTE EXTRACT MICROCAPSULES
Abstract
Industri pengolahan ikan patin di Indonesia menyisakan limbah yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pakan suplemen ayam broiler, tetapi diperlukan fermentasi untuk menurunkan kandungan lemaknya dan mikroenkapsulasi untuk melindungi kandungan nutriennya dari kerusakan oksidasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh penambahan mikrokapsul ekstrak limbah ikan patin fermentasi (MELIPF) dan mendapatkan level penambahan MELIPF yang menghasilkan nilai kecernaan Bahan Kering (KcBK), Bahan Organik (KcBO), dan protein (KcP) ransum tertinggi ayam broiler. Sebanyak 80 ekor ayam broiler strain Cobb500 diberi ransum dengan perlakuan penambahan MELIPF 0%, 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, dan 2%. Sampel ransum dan feses dianalisis kandungan BK, BO, dan proteinnya serta lignin sebagai indikator. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis ragam menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dilanjut dengan uji beda nyata terkecil untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan MELIPF berpengaruh terhadap nilai KcBK, KcBO, dan KcP ransum ayam broiler. Penambahan MELIPF 0,5%, 1%, dan 2% berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan 0% MELIPF pada KcBK dan KcBO, sedangkan penambahan 2% MELIPF berpengaruh nyata (p<00,05) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan 0% MELIPF pada KcP. Penambahan 1,5% MELIPF menghasilkan nilai KcBK, KcBO, dan KcP ransum ayam broiler tertinggi.
ABSTRACT
The catfish processing industry in Indonesia generates waste that can be used as supplementary feed for broiler chickens, but it requires fermentation to reduce fat and microencapsulation to protect nutrients from oxidation. This study aimed to determine the effect of additional fermented catfish waste extract microcapsules (FCWEM) and obtain the optimal level of FCWEM addition that produces the highest digestibility of Dry Matter (DM), Organic Matter (OM), and protein in broiler chicken rations. 80 Cobb500 strain broiler chickens were given rations with FCWEM addition treatments of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. Ration and feces samples were analyzed for their DM, OM, protein, and indicator lignin. Data obtained were analyzed for variance with a completely randomized design, followed by the least significant difference test to determine differences between treatments. Results showed the addition of FCWEM affected the digestibility of DM, OM, and protein in broiler chicken rations. The addition of FCWEM 0.5%, 1%, and 2% had a significantly lower effect (p<0.05) compared to 0% FCWEM on digestibility DM and OM, while the addition of 2% FCWEM had a significantly lower effect (p<0.05) compared to 0% MELIPF on digestibility protein. The addition of 1.5% FCWEM produced the highest digestibility of DM, OM, and protein in broiler chicken rations.
Downloads
References
Abun, A., Akbar, H. M., Ramadhan, R. F., & Saefulhadjar, D. (2024a). The digestibility value of local chicken rations fed with feed containing fermented catfish waste. Open Access Research Journal of Biology and Pharmacy, 10(1), 001-009. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjbp.2024.10.1.0008.
Abun, A., Haetami, K., Rusmana, D., & Ramdhan, R. F. (2025). Macroscopic physical properties and nutrient content in the fermentation of pangasius waste by single cultures and microbial consortiums and their potential for feed. MicrobiologyOpen, 14(4), e70040. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.70040.
Abun, Rusmana, D., Setiyawan, H., Saefulhadjar, D., & Ramdan, R. F. (2024b). Introduksi pengolahan limbah ikan patin secara mikrobiologis dan pemanfaatannya dalam pembuatan pakan bebek peking. Agrimasta: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(3): 91-97. https://doi.org/10.24198/agrimasta.v1i3.56055.
Abun, Widjastuti, T., & Haetami, K. (2022). The effect of treatment of shrimp waste with three microbial on nutrient content and digestibility of feed in native chicken. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 15(1): 619-625. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.1.0756.
Adhikari, R., Rochell, S.J., Kriseldi, R., Silva, M., Greiner, L., Williams, C., Matton, B., Anderson, A., Erf, E.F., Park, E., Haydon, K., & Lee, J. (2025). Recent advances in protein and amino acid nutritional dynamics in relation to performance, health, welfare, and cost of production. Poultry Science, 104(3), 104852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.104852.
Baena-Aristizábal, C. M., Foxwell, M., Wright, D. E., & Villamizar, L. (2019). Microencapsulation of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii with guar gum: preliminary approach using spray drying. Journal of Biotechnology, 302, 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec. 2019.06.007.
Beski, S.S.M., Swick, R.A., & Iji, P.A. (2015). Specialized protein products in broiler chicken nutrition: A review. Anim Nutr., 1(2), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2015.05.005.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Menurut Komoditas Utama (Ton), 2019-2020. Jakarta, Indonesia: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Brígida, A. I. S., Amaral, P. F. F., Coelho, M. A. Z., & Gonçalves, L. R. B. (2014). Lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica: Production, characterization and application as an industrial biocatalyst. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 101, 148–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.016.
Cerrate, S., Ekmay, R., England, J.A., & Coon, C. (2019). Predicting nutrient digestibility and energy value for broilers. Poultry Science, 98(9), 3994-4007. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez142.
Chilton, S.N., Burton, J.P., & Reid, G. (2015). Inclusion of fermented foods in food guides around the world. Nutriens 7: 390-404. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7010390.
Dadkhodazadeh, V., Hamidi-Esfahani, Z., & Khan-Ahmadi, M. (2024). Improvement of the valuable compounds of fish waste through solid-state fermentation with probiotics. Applied Food Research, 4(2), 100534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2024.100534.
da Silva, J. L., Sales, M. B., de Castro Bizerra, V., Nobre, M. M. R., de Sousa Braz, A. K., da Silva Sousa, P., Cavalcante, A. L. G., Melo, R. L. F., Gonçalves De Sousa Junior, P., Neto, F. S., da Fonseca, A. M., & Santos, J. C. S. d. (2023). Lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica: Prospects as an Industrial Biocatalyst for Biotechnological Applications. Fermentation, 9(7), 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070581.
Desalegn, T., Bacha, K., & Masi, C. (2023). The effectiveness of proteolytic bacteria isolated from effluent of Modjo tannery for their application in the leather and detergent industry. Kuwait Journal of Science, 50 (1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.14053.
Emon, D.D., Islam, M.S., Mazumder, M.A.R., Aziz, M.G., & Rahman, M.S. (2025). Recent applications of microencapsulation techniques for delivery of functional ingredient in food products: A comprehensive review. Food Chemistry Advances, 6, 100923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2025.100923.
Fitasari E., Reo K., Niswi N. (2016). Penggunaan kadar protein berbeda pada ayam kampung terhadap penampilan produksi dan kecernaan protein. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 26 (2): 73 – 83. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2016.026.02.10.
Foni, A., Lisnahan, C. V., & Nahak, O. R. (2020). Pengaruh suplementasi l-lysine hcl terhadap pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi pakan dan efisiensi penggunaan pakan ayam broiler. Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology, 2(2): 8-16. https://doi.org/10.32938/jtast.v2i2.582.
Kumar, A., Gudiukaite, R., Gricajeva, A., Sadauskas, M., Malunavicius, V., Kamyab, H., ... & Pant, D. (2020). Microbial lipolytic enzymes–promising energy-efficient biocatalysts in bioremediation. Energy, 192, 116674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116674.
Kuswandi, W., Berliana, Nelwida, dan Nurhayati. (2022). Bobot organ pencernaan broiler yang diberi tepung kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dalam ransum yang mengandung black garlic. Jurnal ilmu-ilmu Peternakan 25(2): 199-214. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiiip.v25i2.19271.
Mahardhika, B.P., Ridla, I.M., Mutia, R., & Adli, D.N. (2021). The evaluation of protease enzyme effectivenes in broiler chicken diet containing jack bean seed (Canavalia ensiformis) with different protein level toward internal organ size. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 883, 012012. IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/883/1/012012.
Nopiani, N., Yandri, A.S., & Hadi, S. (2016). Peningkatan kestabilan enzim lipase dari Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 dengan amobilisasi menggunakan bentonit. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, 5(1), 504–510. https://doi.org/10.26630/jak.v5i1.453.
Nurhayati, N., Berliana, B., dan Nelwida, N. (2019). Efisiensi protein ayam broiler yang diberi ampas tahu fermentasi dengan saccharomyces cerevisiae. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 22(2): 95-106. https://doi.org/10.22437/jiiip.v22i2.6725.
Nurilmala, M., Nurhayati, T., & Roskananda, R. (2018). Limbah industri filet ikan patin untuk hidrolisat protein. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(2): 287-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i2.23083.
Oktaviani, I., Uthia, R., & Jannah, F. (2021). Pemanfaatan tulang ikan patin sebagai tepung tinggi kalsium di Kampung Patin, Kabupaten Kampar. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(1), 575-581. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v5i3.7055.
Pesti, G.M., & Choct, M. (2023). The future of feed formulation for poultry: toward more sustainable production of meat and eggs. Animal Nutrition, 15, 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.013.
Pokoo-Aikins, A., Timmons, J.R., Min, B.R., Lee, W.R., Mwangi, S.N., & Chen, C. (2021). Effects of feeding varying levels of dl-methionine on live performance and yield of broiler chickens. Animals (Basel), 11(10), 2839. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102839.
Pranoto, Y., Anggrahini, S., & Efendi, Z. (2013). Effect of natural and Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation on in-vitro protein and starch digestibilities of sorghum flour. Food Biosci, 2:46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2013.04.001.
Predescu, N. C., Stefan, G., Rosu, M. P., & Papuc, C. (2024). Fermented feed in broiler diets reduces the antinutritional factors, improves productive performances and modulates gut microbiome—A review. Agriculture, 14(10), 1752. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101752.
Qiu, K., Chen, J., Zhang, G., Chang, W., Zheng, A., Cai, H., Liu, G., & Chen, Z. (2023). Effects of dietary crude protein and protease levels on performance, immunity capacity, and AA digestibility of broilers. Agriculture (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13030703.
Rambet, V., Umboh, J. F., Tulung, Y. L. R., & Kowel, Y. H. S. (2016). Kecernaan protein dan energi ransum broiler yang menggunakan tepung maggot (hermetia illucens) sebagai pengganti tepung ikan. Zootek 36(1): 13-22. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.36.1.2016.9314.
Ratnasari, R., Sarengat W., dan Setiadi, A. (2015). Analisis pendapatan ayam broiler pada sistem kemitraan di Kecamatan Gunung Pati Kota Semarang. Animal Agriculture Journal, 4(1), 47-53. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/aaj/article/view/8474.
Ravindran ,V., & Abdollahi, M.R. (2021). Nutrition and digestive physiology of the broiler chick: state of the art and outlook. Animals (Basel), 11(10), 2795. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102795.
Regar, M. N., & Kowel, Y. H. S. (2021). Kecernaan ransum broiler yang mengandung kombinasi kunyit, bawang putih dengan mineral zink. Zootec, 41(1), 311–316. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/zootek/article/view/33862.
Riza, S., Ismail, & Syahrul. (2017). Peningkatan nilai tambah limbah ikan patin sebagai bahan pangan dan pakan. IPTEKIN Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan dan Inovasi, 3(1): 36-49. https://jurnal.riau.go.id/iptekin/article/view/23.
Rompas, R, Tulung, B., Mandey, J.S., & Regar, M. (2016). Penggunaan eceng gondok (eichhornia crassipes) terfermentasi dalam ransum itik terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik. Jurnal Zootek 36(2): 372-378. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/zootek/article/view/12539.
Rosida, D.F., Djajati, S., & Susanti, F.S. (2020). Production of Maltodextrin from Cocoyams (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Starch Using Α-Amylase Enzyme. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1569, 042052. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/4/042052.
Satmah, A., Nurhaeni, Hardi, J., dan Indriani. Produksi maltodekstrin secara enzimatik dengan menggunakan berbagai massa pati biji durian (durio zibethinus murr.). Fullerene Journal of Chemistry 6(2), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v6i2.261.
Saelan, E., & Nurdin, A. S. (2019). Uji Kimia tepung daun kersen (Muntingia calabura) dan implementasinya dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap nilai kecernaan. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak, Desember, 19(2), 24–28. https://doi.org/10.24198/jit.v19i2.24810.
Shabani, A., Jazi, V., Ashayerizadeh, A., and Barekatain, R. (2019). Inclusion of fish waste silage in broiler diets affects gut microflora, cecal short-chain fatty acids, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, and excreta gas emission. Poultry Science, 98, 4909-4918. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez244.
Sharifuzzaman, M., Mun, H., Ampode, K.M.B., Lagua, E.B., Park, H., Kim, Y., Hasan, M.K., & Yang, C. (2025). Optimizing broiler growth, health, and meat quality with citric acid- assessing the optimal dose and environmental impact: Citric acid in Broiler Health and Production. Poultry Science, 104(2), 104668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104668.
Sklan, D., dan S. Huwirtz. 1980. Protein digestion and absorpsion in young chick and turkey. Journal Nutrition, 110: 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/110.1.139.
Son, D. K., Lisnahan, C. V., & Nahak, O. R. (2020). The effect of dl-methionine supplementation on body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of broilers. Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology, 2(2), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.32938/jtast.v2i2.583.
Sonu, S. Sihag, Z.S., Ahlawat, P.K., & Dalal, R. (2018). Effect of protease enzyme on the growth performance and carcass traits of broilers fed with DDGS supplemented diet. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 7, 2713–2719. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.314.
Sugiharto, S., & Ranjitkar, S. (2019). Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance, gastrointestinal tract microecology and immune responses: A review. Animal nutrition, 5(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2018.11.001.
Sun, Q., Wang, X. P., Yan, Q. J., Chen, W., & Jiang, Z. Q. (2014). Purification and characterization of a chymosin from Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 174(1), 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1044-6.
Teng, P., Liu, G., Choi, Y., Yadav, S., Wei, F., & Kim, W.K. (2023). Effects of levels of methionine supplementations in forms of L- or DL-methionine on the performance, intestinal development, immune response, and antioxidant system in broilers challenged with Eimeria spp. Poultry Science, 102(5), 102586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.102586.
Todo, M. A., Botton, V., Altheia, F. M., Thomas, J. C., Piovan, L., Córdova, J., Mitchell, D. A., & Krieger, N. (2021). Fermented solids that contain lipases produced by Rhizopus microsporus have an S-enantiopreference in the resolution of secondary alcohols. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 165, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2020.107817.
Usman, Fitria, R., dan Hindratiningrum, N. (2023). Kandungan bahan kering dan bahan organik amofer jerami padi menggunakan starter mol berbasis limbah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi dan Agribisnis Peternakan X. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jendral Soedirman: 249-254.
Van Soest, P.J., & Robertson, J.B. (1985) Methods of analysis of dietary neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3585-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2.
Walkowiak, J., Witmanowski, H., Strzykala, K., Bychowiec, B., Songin, T., Borski, K., and Herzig, K. H., (2003). Inhibition of endogenous pancreatic enzyme secretion by oral pancreatic enzyme treatment. Eur. J. Clin. Investig., 33, 65–69. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01077.x.
Wenda, N., Wolayan, F. R., Untu, I. M., dan Liwe, H. (2020). Kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik kulit pisang raja terfermentasi dengan rhizopus oligosporus dalam ransum ayam broiler. Zootec 40 (1) : 134 – 142. https://doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.1.2020.26923.
Wibawa, A. A. P., & Sumadi, D. I. K. (2019). Pengaruh penggunaan campuran asam amino esensial pada ransum dasar jagung-pollard terhadap performa babi bali. Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan, 22, 104–107. https://doi.org/10.24843/MIP.2019.v22.i03.p02.
Wieczorek, D., Miśkiewicz, K., Gendaszewska, D., Pipiak, P., Lasoń-Rydel, M., Sieczyńska, K., & Ławińska, K. (2023). Extracellular activity of proteases from Yarrowia lipolytica IPS21 as a function of the carbon and nitrogen source. Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 31(5), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2023-0046.
Wierzchowska, K., Szulc, K., Zieniuk, B., & Fabiszewska, A. (2025). Bioconversion of liquid and solid lipid waste by Yarrowia lipolytica yeast: A study of extracellular lipase biosynthesis and microbial lipid production. Molecules, 30(4), 959. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30040959.
Yaman, M.A., Nasution, U., Allaily, Daud, M., & Zulfan. (2022). Increase in body weight and protein retention on meat chicken due to the addition of probiotics and digestive enzymes in fermented diet containing maggot flour and local materials. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, 012107. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012107.
