PEMBERIAN PAKAN LIMBAH JEROAN IKAN LELE DAN PEPAYA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, KANDUNGAN PROTEIN, DAN KADAR AIR MAGGOT
THE EFFECT OF CATFISH VISCERA AND PAPAYA WASTE FEED ON GROWTH, PROTEIN CONTENT, AND WATER CONTENT OF MAGGOT
Abstract
Limbah jeroan ikan lele dan buah pepaya berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai pakan bagi maggot (Hermetia illucens), sehingga dapat membantu mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pakan jeroan ikan lele dan pepaya terhadap pertumbuhan, laju konsumsi, kandungan protein, dan kadar air maggot. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari hingga Maret 2026 dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu: P1 (100% rebusan jeroan lele), P2 (75% jeroan lele + 25% pepaya), P3 (50% jeroan lele + 50% pepaya), P4 (25% jeroan lele + 75% pepaya), dan P5 (100% pepaya). Variabel yang diamati meliputi tingkat kelangsungan hidup, pertambahan bobot, panjang, ketebalan, laju konsumsi pakan, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), kadar protein dan air tubuh maggot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva mencapai 100% pada seluruh perlakuan. Formulasi pakan berpengaruh nyata (p < 0,05) terhadap biomassa maggot, di mana P5 menghasilkan rata-rata bobot akhir tertinggi (0,190 ± 0,011 g), konsumsi pakan maksimal (86,8%), dan nilai SGR tertinggi (18,13%). Sebaliknya, variasi perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (p > 0,05) terhadap panjang dan ketebalan tubuh maggot. Analisis proksimat membuktikan kandungan protein tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan P1 (41,56), sedangkan kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada P3 (64,23). Disimpulkan bahwa substrat nabati buah pepaya murni efektif menstimulasi akumulasi bobot fisik basah, sementara substrat hewani jeroan lele murni optimal menginduksi pekatan protein tubuh. Seluruh produk prepupa maggot yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar mutu nasional SNI 9043-5:2022 sebagai bahan pakan ternak.
ABSTRACT
Catfish viscera waste and papaya fruit waste have the potential to be used as maggot (Hermetia illucens) feed, thereby helping to reduce environmental pollution. This experimental study aimed to analyze the effect of feeding catfish viscera and papaya on the growth, consumption rate, protein content, and moisture content of maggots. The research was conducted from February to March 2026 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications: P1 (100% boiled catfish viscera), P2 (75% catfish viscera + 25% papaya), P3 (50% catfish viscera + 50% papaya), P4 (25% catfish viscera + 75% papaya), and P5 (100% papaya). The observed variables included survival rate, weight gain, length, thickness, feed consumption rate, specific growth rate (SGR), as well as body protein and moisture content of the larvae. The results showed that the larval survival rate reached 100% across all treatments. Feed formulation significantly affected (p < 0.05) maggot biomass, where P5 yielded the highest average final weight (0.190 ± 0.011 g), maximum feed consumption (86.8%), and the highest SGR value (18.13%). Conversely, the treatment variations had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the length and thickness of the maggots' bodies. Proximate analysis demonstrated that the highest protein content was found in the P1 treatment (41.56%), while the highest moisture content was observed in P3 (64.23%). It is concluded that the pure plant substrate of papaya fruit is effective in stimulating wet physical weight accumulation, whereas the pure animal substrate of catfish viscera is optimal for inducing body protein concentration. All produced maggot prepupae products have met the national quality standard of SNI 9043-5:2022 as animal feed ingredients.
Downloads
References
Alisha, A. Z., Nursaadah, E., Nirwana, Yani, A. P., Hakim, L., & Sutarno. (2024). Pengaruh pakan limbah jeroan ikan nila dan limbah tomat terhadap pertumbuhan serta kadar protein maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens). Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Dan Sains, 7(1), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v7i1.9542
Amini, G. A. H., & Rohayat, A. (2023). Pengaruh media berbasis limbah organik terhadap pertumbuhan maggot (Hermetia illucens). Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, 5(4), 25–31. https://doi.org/10.31980/jls.v5i1.2677
Ananda, R., Johan, H., Nursaádah, E., & Ruyani, A. (2024). Pemberian pakan sampah buah dan sayur terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar protein maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens). Nutrition & Feed Technology Journal/Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan, 22(1), 43-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.22.1.43-49
Aubernon, C., Hedouin, V., & Charabidze, D. (2018). The maggot, the ethologist and the forensic entomologist: Sociality and thermoregulation in necrophagous larvae. Journal of Advanced Research, 16, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2018.12.001
Ayuningrum, S. U., & Putra, R. E. (2023). The role of organic waste feed combination on growth rate and nutrient content of Hermetia illucens larvae. Journal of Bioscience, 2(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.33830/manilkara.v2i1.6530.2023
Ayuningtyas, G., Rayani, T. F., Priyambodo, D., Purwanto, B. P., Hakim, A., Sembada, P., ... & Khairunisa, L. (2025). Komposisi nutrien maggot black soldier fly (BSF) yang ditumbuhkan pada media ekskreta burung puyuh dan potensinya sebagai pakan ternak. TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production, 26(1), 20-36. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtapro.2025.026.01.3
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu. (2024). Volume Produksi dan Nilai Produksi Perikanan Budidaya Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Komoditas Utama di Provinsi Bengkulu, 2024. Bengkulu: Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bengkulu.
Defriatno, M. E., Rikhmasari, D. N., & Aswan, M. S. (2025). Analisis kondisi kelembapan dan suhu optimum untuk pertumbuhan maggot dalam proses penguraian sampah organik. Jurnal Engineering, 7(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.22437/jurnalengineering.v7i1.41266
Due, A. R. P., Rembo, E., & Loda, W. (2024). Pengaruh kombinasi media tumbuh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi larva BSF (Black Soldier Fly). Jurnal Pertanian Unggul, 3(2), 45-54. https://www.agrimart.co.id/article/Article-106
Eggink, K. M., Lund, I., Pedersen, P. B., Hansen, B. W., & Dalsgaard, J. (2022). Biowaste and by-products as rearing substrates for black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae : Effects on larval body composition and performance. Journal Pone, 17(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275213
Fitrawati, R. A., Musbah, M., Muliadin, M., Hermawan, R., Renol, R., & Akbar, M. (2018). Pengaruh konsentrasi protein ikan lele terhadap kandungan kimia dan organoleptik kerupuk ikan. Jurnal Pengolahan Pangan, 3(1), 28–31. https://doi.org/10.31970/pangan.v3i1.10
Gbenonsi, A. F., & Higley, L. (2025). Thermal ecology and forensic implications of blow fly (Family: Calliphoridae) maggot mass dynamics: A review. Insects, 16(10), 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16101018
Hulu, F., Afriani, D. T., & Hasan, U. (2022). Pengaruh media yang berbeda dengan menggunakan limbah rumah tangga, ampas kelapa dan ampas tahu terhadap pertumbuhan maggot (Hermetia illucens). Jurnal Aquaculture Indonesia, 2(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.46576/jai.v2i1.2063
Ihram, M., & Rahmisari, H. (2025). Pengelolaan limbah organik:evaluasi campuran empat jenis pakan pada pertumbuhan larva black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Agritech: Jurnal Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, 27(2), 104-109. https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/AGRITECH/article/view/27580
Imam, I. A. F., Scabra, A. R., & Asri, Y. (2025). The effect of giving maggot (Chrysomya megacephala) maintained in different media on the production performance of Nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Indonesian Journal of Aquaculture Medium, 5(1), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.29303/mediaakuakultur.v5i1.7084
Izzah, A. Z. N., Mulandari, D. A., Putri, D. A., Nagita, F., & Rimantho, D. (2023). Analisis pemberian pakan berbeda terhadap kandungan maggot (Hermetia illucens). In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 4(1), 326-331. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v4i1.655
Julianty, A., Mutmainna, N., Nur, I., & Abdullah, R. (2025). Analisis pemberian limbah buah-buahan pepaya dan mangga terhadap pertumbuhan maggot BSF. BESIRU: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1), 155-160. https://doi.org/10.62335/59rhva57
Kasya, Y. M., Putri, F. E., & Siregar, S. A. (2023). Efektivitas larva maggot (lalat tentara hitam/black soldier fly) sebagai pengurai sampah organik rumah tangga. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 10(8), 2563–2570. https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v10i8.10306
Lamin, S., Nofyan, E., & Mayasari, A. (2022). Pengaruh kombinasi limbah ampas kelapa, nanas , dan pepaya terhadap konsumsi pakan , efisiensi konversi , dan pertumbuhan maggot Hermetia illucens L . Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 3(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.24233/sribios.3.1.2022.363
Lu, Y., Zhang, S., Sun, S., Wu, M., Bao, Y., Tong, H., ... & Xu, W. (2021). Effects of different nitrogen sources and ratios to carbon on larval development and bioconversion efficiency in food waste treatment by black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Insects, 12(6), 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060507
Ma’ruf, M. M., & Rokhim, S. (2026). Influence of food variation on the growth of maggots. Filogeni: Jurnal Mahasiswa Biologi, 6(2), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.24252/filogeni.v6i2.60302
Maulana, Nurmeiliasari, & Fenita, Y. (2021). Pengaruh media tumbuh yang berbeda terhadap kandungan air, protein dan lemak maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Jurnal Buletin Peternakan Tropis, 2(2), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.31186/bpt.2.2.149-157
Mudeng, N. E. G., Mokolensang, J. F., Kalesaran, O. J., Pangkey, H., & Lantu, S. (2018). Budidaya maggot (Hermetia illucens) dengan menggunakan beberapa media. Jurnal Budidaya Perairan, 6(3), 1–6. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/bdp/article/view/21543
Ogello, E. O., Outa, N. O., Muthoka, M., Juma, F., & Hoinkis, J. (2025). Optimizing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) production: effects of substrate variation on biomass, nutritional quality, hatchability, fecundity, and frass quality. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9, 1621034. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1621034
Pérez-Pacheco, R., Hinojosa-Garro, D., Ruíz-Ortíz, F., Camacho-Chab, J. C., Ortega-Morales, B. O., Alonso-Hernández, N., ... & Granados-Echegoyen, C. A. (2022). Growth of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on organic-waste residues and its application as supplementary diet for Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae). Insects, 13(4), 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13040326
Purnama, I., Ruyani, A., Yani, A. P., Johan, H., Parlindungan, D., & Nursa’adah, E. (2025). Giving a combination of snails (Achatina fulica) and coconut dregs on the growth and protein content of maggots (Hermetia illucens). Acta Aquatica: Aquatic Sciences Journal, 222-232. https://doi.org/10.29103/aa.v12i2.22660
Purnama, R. C., & Pakerti, A. L. (2022). Analysis of protein levels in corn (Zea mays L.) purchased with brand L in the market region of Semuli Jaya Lampung Utara using the Kjeldahl method. Jurnal Analisis Farmasi, 7(2). https://ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/analisfarmasi/article/view/8186
Qowasmi, F. N., Sudarti, & Yushardi. (2023). Efektivitas larva black soldier fly ( maggot ) sebagai metode alternatif penguraian sampah organik. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran ( JTPP ), 01(01), 179–184. https://jurnal.kopusindo.com/index.php/jtpp/index
Razid, R., Zulkarnain, D., & Badarudin, R. (2024). Pemanfaatan limbah organik berbeda sebagai media budidaya maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Halu Oleo, 6(4), 407-413. https://doi.org/10.56625/jipho.v6i4.161
Rebora, M., Salerno, G., Piersanti, S., Saitta, V., Morelli Venturi, D., Li, C., & Gorb, S. (2023). The armoured cuticle of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 22101. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49549-5
Rohmiati, Sumahiradewi, L. G., Tarmizi, A., & Rahmawati, A. (2024). Pengaruh pemberian pakan alternatif limbah (jeroan) ikan nila terhadap pertumbuhan dan sintasan benih ikan lele (Clarias sp.). Journal of Aquaculture and Fisheries (IJAF), 3(2), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.47353/ijaf.3(2).13
Sagala, J. K. A. J., Sulastri, A., & Desmaiani, H. (2025). Pengolahan limbah cair budidaya ikan lele menggunakan metode anaerob dengan media bambu. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah, 13(2), 180-190. http://ejurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jmtluntan/article/view/89757
Sagita, F., Nursaadah, E., Parlindungan, D., Sutarno, & Karyadi, B. (2025). Pengaruh kombinasi pakan makronutrien terhadap biokonversi, kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan, dan nilai gizi larva Hermetia illucens. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan, 13(3), 816–831. https://doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v13i3.p816-831
Sari, G. L., Sefrina, L. R., Hanifi, R., Rizki, S., & Samad, A. S. (2024). Analysis of maggot nutrition in various farming periods and organic wastes as a growth medium. In E3S Web of Conferences, 500, 02005. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450002005
Seyedalmoosavi, M. M., Mielenz, M., Veldkamp, T., Daş, G., & Metges, C. C. (2022). Growth efficiency, intestinal biology, and nutrient utilization and requirements of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae compared to monogastric livestock species: a review. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 13(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00682-7
Sholahuddin, Sulistya, A., Wijayanti, R., Supriyadi, & Subagiya. (2021). Potensi maggot ( black soldier fly ) sebagai pakan ternak di Desa Miri, Kecamatan Kismantoro, Wonogiri. Journal of Community Empowering and Services, 5(2), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.20961/prima.v5i2.45033
Skowronek, P., Wójcik, Ł., & Strachecka, A. (2021). Fat body—Multifunctional insect tissue. Insects, 12(6), 547. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12060547
Sonia, G., Ruyani, A., Yani, A. P., Parlindungan, D., Defianti, A., & Nursaadah, E. (2025). Pertumbuhan dan kandungan protein maggot BSF dengan pemberian kombinasi pakan limbah kepala udang dan daun singkong. Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Dan Tanaman, 13(2), 175–184. https://doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2025.13.2.175-184
Sukmareni, J., Sianipar, S. A., Fadiah, S. N., & Esterilita, M. (2023). Implementasi pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui budidaya maggot sebagai alternatif penanggulangan sampah organik masyarakat di Desa Cijagang. Journal of Scientech Research and Development, 5(2), 341–355. https://doi.org/10.56670/jsrd.v5i2.219
Syahputra, D., Hasan, U., & Manullang, H. M. (2023). Pengaruh pemberian limbah buah-buahan pepaya, nanas dan semangka terhadap pertumbuhan maggot BSF (Hermetia illucens). Jurnal Aquaculture Indonesia, 2(2), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.46576/jai.v2i2.2092
Tasna, S. A. (2025). Optimasi nutrisi maggot BSF dengan penerapan sistem monitoring suhu dan kelembapan kandang berbasis IoT. Jurnal Komputer, Jaringan Dan Internet, 3(2), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.34128/b7vw7m11
