POTENSI SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN PERAN PETERNAKAN SAPI TRADISONAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA DI KABUPATEN BURU PROVINSI MALUKU
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini mengkaji potensi sosial ekonomi peternak sapi, kontribusi usaha peternak sapi terhadap pendapatan keluarga dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kontribusi pendapatan. Materi penelitian adalah 70 peternak peternak sapi poting pada 2 kecamatan di Kabupaten Buru yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan diambil dengan metode survey melalui wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview) kepada peternakan menggunakan kuisioner. Analisis data secara deskriptif, perhitungan ekonomi, kontribusi pendapatan dan analisis regresi untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kontribusi pendapatan usaha sapi potong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi yang dimiliki peternak sapi potong di Kabupaten Buru berusia produktif, tingkat pendidikan masuk kategori baik dari menengah sampai atas, memiliki motif ekonomi dengan tujuan sebagai sumber pedapatan dan tabungan. Rataan jumlah kepemilikan 4-6 UT/peternak, dipelihara secara tradisional dengan lama pemeliharaan >4 tahun. Kontribusi pendapatan 49,89% (cabang usaha). Hasil analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan kontribusi usaha ternak sapi secara sangat signifikan (P≤0,01) dipengaruhi oleh kepemilikan sapi, pendapatan lainnya (P≤0,05) dan lama usaha (P≤0,1). Peternak dengan lama usaha yang semakin besar cenderung memiliki skala usaha yang lebih besar yang selanjutnya mempengaruhi jumlah sapi yang dipasarkan. Peternak memiliki motif ekonomi yang kuat sehingga usaha peternakan sapi dan pertanian dijalankan dengan optimal untuk mendatangkan pendapatan.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-economic potential of cattle breeders, the contribution of cattle farmers' businesses to family income, and the factors that influence the contribution of income. The research material is 70 farmers of beef cattle breeders in 2 Districts in Buru Regency taken by purposive sampling. The data used are primary and taken by survey method through in-depth interviews with farmers using questionnaires. Descriptive data analysis, economic calculations, income contribution, and regression analysis to see the factors that affect the contribution of beef cattle business income. The results show that the potential of beef cattle breeders in Buru Regency is productive age, education level is in the middle to the upper category, has an economic motive, and the purpose of maintenance as a source of income and savings. The average number of ownership is 4-6 au/farmers, traditionally maintained with a maintenance period of >4 years. Revenue contribution 49.89% (business branch). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the contribution of cattle business was very significantly (P≤0.01) influenced by cattle ownership, other income (P≤0.05), and length of business (P≤0.1). Farmers with a longer length of business tend to have a larger scale of business which in turn affects the number of cattle marketed. Farmers have an economic motive so that farming is carried out optimally to bring in income.
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