Regulatory Challenges in International Aviation: Indonesia and Russia Compared
Abstract
Introduction: The global aviation industry operates within a complex web of international regulatory frameworks that vary significantly from one country to another. This study focuses on the interplay between these frameworks, particularly examining the legal perspectives of Indonesia and the operational experiences of Russian pilots. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for identifying regulatory challenges that affect cross-border aviation operations.
Purposes of the Research: The primary purpose of this research is to analyze the differences in aviation regulatory frameworks between Indonesia and Russia, with a focus on documentation requirements, certification recognition, and environmental regulations. By bridging theoretical legal examination with practical insights from aviation practitioners.
Methods of the Research: This study employs a comparative legal analysis methodology, integrating theoretical frameworks with empirical data gathered from interviews and surveys of aviation professionals, including pilots and regulatory officials. The research examines documentation processes, certification practices, and environmental regulations in both jurisdictions, highlighting the operational implications for pilots navigating these regulatory landscapes.
Results Main Findings of the Research: The findings reveal significant divergences in documentation requirements, with Indonesian authorities placing a strong emphasis on procedural compliance, while Russian frameworks prioritize technical standards. Certification recognition issues were found to increase operational costs by 4-7%, leading pilots to develop unofficial workarounds to address contradictory requirements. Additionally, environmental regulations exhibited stark differences; Indonesia's focus on noise abatement in densely populated areas contrasts sharply with Russia's emissions-oriented approach for Arctic operations. The research culminates in practical recommendations for regulatory harmonization that aim to reduce compliance burdens while maintaining safety standards across both jurisdictions.
Downloads
References
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. Aviation Security Law. Berlin: Springer, 2020.
Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. “Regulatory Management of the Warsaw System of Air Carrier Liability.” Journal of Air Transport Management 8, no. 1 (2022): 21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.09.002.
Adey, Peter, Lucy Budd, and Phil Hubbard. “Flying Lessons: Exploring the Social and Cultural Geographies of Global Air Travel.” Progress in Human Geography 31, no. 6 (2019): 773-791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132507083508.
Aditya, Arief, and Martono K. “Aviation Safety and Security in Indonesia: A Regulatory Analysis.” Indonesian Journal of International Law 15, no. 1 (2022): 82-103. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol15.1.723.
Angga, La Ode, and Muchtar Anshary Hamid Labetubun. “Legal Analysis of Aviation Safety Standards Implementation in Eastern Indonesia.” International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no. 1 (2021): 49-61. https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i1.15406.
Audenaert, N. Prosecuting and Punishing Multi-Offenders in the EU: A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Frameworks Regarding Offenders of a Multitude of Offences. Edited by Wendy. De Bondt. Cambridge: Intersentia, 2021.
Berman, Paul Schiff. “Global Legal Pluralism.” Southern California Law Review 80, no. 6 (2019): 1155-1237.
Button, Kenneth, and Rui Neiva. “Economic Regulation and the Air Transport Industry.” Journal of Air Transport Management 89, no. 1 (2021): 101-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.10.001.
Dempsey, Paul Stephen. “Compliance and Enforcement in International Law: Achieving Global Uniformity in Aviation Safety.” North Carolina Journal of International Law 30, no. 1 (2018): 1-74.
Dempsey, Paul Stephen. “The Role of the International Civil Aviation Organization on Deregulation, Discrimination, and Dispute Resolution.” Journal of Air Law and Commerce 52, no. 3 (2020): 529-583.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Indonesia. Peraturan Keselamatan Penerbangan Sipil (PKPS) Part 129 Tentang Operasi Pesawat Udara Asing di Indonesia. Jakarta: DGCA Indonesia, 2021.
Dobson, Alan P. A History of International Civil Aviation: From Its Origins Through Transformative Evolution. London: Routledge, 2017.
Duval, David Timothy. “Critical Issues in Air Transport and Tourism.” Tourism Geographies 15, no. 3 (2021): 494-510. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2012.675581.
Federal Air Transport Agency of Russian Federation. Federal Aviation Regulations for Certification of Aviation Personnel of the Civil Aviation of the Russian Federation. Moscow: Rosaviatsia, 2020.
Fox, Sarah Jane. “ICAO: The Gold Standard, But Is It a Fund of Gold for Aviation Security?” International Journal on Aviation Management 1, no. 1-2 (2022): 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAM.2022.10031224.
Graham, Anne, and Peter Morrell. Airport Finance and Investment in the Global Economy. London: Routledge, 2018.
Huang, Jiefang. “Aviation Safety and ICAO: The Development and Compliance of Aviation Safety Standards.” Aviation 12, no. 1 (2022): 48-57. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2022.11145.
Hutchinson, Terry, and Nigel Duncan. “Defining and Describing What We Do: Doctrinal Legal Research.” Deakin Law Review 17, no. 1 (2019): 83-119.
International Civil Aviation Organization. Safety Management Manual (SMM). Doc 9859. 4th ed. Montreal: ICAO, 2023.
International Civil Aviation Organization. Convention on International Civil Aviation. Chicago: ICAO, 1944.
Kasper, Daniel M. Deregulation and Globalization: Liberalizing International Trade in Air Services. Cambridge: Ballinger Publishing Co., 2018.
Kogan, Vladimir, and Elena Streltsova. “The Transformation of Russia's Aviation Industry After Soviet Collapse.” Journal of Eurasian Studies 11, no. 1 (2020): 98-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1879366519900923.
Levin, Mikhail I. “Post-Soviet Aviation Regulatory Reform in Russia.” Transport Policy 28, no. 1 (2021): 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.11.016.
Makarov, Yuri N. “Russian Aviation Safety Management: Institutional Challenges and Reforms.” Journal of Air Transport Management 52, no. 1 (2021): 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.12.001.
Martono, K., and Amad Sudiro. Hukum Udara Nasional dan Internasional. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2022.
Mendes de Leon, Pablo. Introduction to Air Law. 11th ed. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2019.
Milde, Michael. International Air Law and ICAO. 3rd ed. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing, 2022.
Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. Regulation No. PM 92 of 2019 Concerning Aviation Cybersecurity Management. Jakarta: Ministry of Transportation, 2019.
Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. Air Code of the Russian Federation. Moscow: Ministry of Transport, 2022.
Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. Aviation Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 2009. Jakarta: Ministry of Transportation, 2009.
Morrell, Peter. Moving Boxes by Air: The Economics of International Air Cargo. London: Routledge, 2019.
O'Connell, John F., and George Williams. Air Transport in the 21st Century: Key Strategic Developments. London: Routledge, 2021.
Piera, Alejandro. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Aviation: Legal and Policy Challenges. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing, 2021.
Poole, Robert W. “Airport Privatization: Introduction and Overview.” Harvard Journal on Legislation 16, no. 1 (2020): 11-25.
Pratama, Muhammad Rizky. “Implementation Challenges of Risk-Based Aviation Security in Indonesia.” Indonesian Journal of Air and Space Law 3, no. 1 (2023): 112-134.
Republic of Indonesia. Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 22 of 2020 on Environmental Standards for Aircraft Operations in Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of Transportation, 2020.
Republic of Indonesia. Ministry of Transport Regulation No. 45 of 2023 on Aviation Noise Management in Indonesia. Jakarta: Ministry of Transportation, 2023.
Russian Federation. Federal Law No. 187-FZ “On the Security of Critical Information Infrastructure”. Moscow: Government of Russian Federation, 2017.
Russian Federation. Federal Regulations on Environmental Protection Standards for Aviation Operations. Moscow: Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2021.
Sabantsev, Viktor, and Andrey Mikhailov. “Operational Challenges in Cross-Border Aviation: A Pilot Perspective on Regulatory Friction.” Journal of Air Transport Studies 14, no. 2 (2024): 77-94.
Siems, Mathias M. “Numerical Comparative Law: Do We Need Statistical Evidence in Law in Order to Reduce Complexity?” Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law 13, no. 2 (2018): 521-540.
Sochor, Eugene. The Politics of International Aviation. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2020.
Tvaryanas, Anthony P., and William T. Thompson. “Fatigue in Military Aviation: An Overview of U.S. Military-Approved Pharmacological Countermeasures.” Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 5 (2019): 461-472.
Weber, Ludwig. International Civil Aviation Organization: An Introduction. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2021.
Weber, Ludwig. “Regulatory Divergence in Global Aviation: Comparing North American and European Approaches.” Journal of Air Law and Commerce 84, no. 2 (2019): 153-179.
Wiggins, Mark W., and Catherine Stevens. Aviation Social Science: Research Methods in Practice. London: Taylor & Francis, 2020.
World Economic Forum. Connected World: Transforming Travel, Transportation and Supply Chains. Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2023.
Zaporozhets, Oleksandr, Vadim Tokarev, and Keith Attenborough. Aircraft Noise: Assessment, Prediction and Control. London: Taylor & Francis, 2021.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gevan Naufal Wala, Lazarev Viktor Antonovich (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this Journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright in each article belongs to the author, as well as the right to patent.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
- Authors have the right to self-archiving of the article (Author Self-Archiving Policy)
