EVALUASI KEBERHASILAN PROGRAM INSEMINASI BUATAN PADA SAPI POTONG DI KECAMATAN KAIRATU KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT
EVALUATION OF THE SUCCESS RATE OF THE ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAM ON BEEF CATTLE IN KAIRATU DISTRICT, WEST SERAM REGENCY
Abstract
Evaluasi performa reproduksi dan struktur populasi sapi potong di wilayah sentra pengembangan sangat penting untuk menjamin swasembada daging lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi struktur populasi dan keberhasilan program Inseminasi Buatan (IB) pada sapi potong di Kecamatan Kairatu, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas 30 peternak rakyat dari 3 desa, dengan total unit pengamatan sebanyak 464 ekor sapi potong, dan 89 ekor di antaranya merupakan induk akseptor aktif program IB. Peubah yang diamati meliputi karakteristik peternak, struktur populasi ternak, serta keberhasilan IB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik pemeliharaan didominasi oleh pola semi-intensif (83,33%) dengan orientasi usaha sebagai tabungan rumah tangga (53,34%). Struktur populasi berdasarkan kelompok umur membentuk piramida terbalik/regresif yang didominasi oleh ternak dewasa (40,30%) dan ternak muda (36,42%), sedangkan proporsi pedet berada di bawah ambang batas ideal, yaitu sebesar 23,28%. Evaluasi program IB menunjukkan kemampuan deteksi berahi oleh peternak 100% baik, umur induk saat di IB 63,33% antara 3-4 tahun, jenis semen yang digunakan 43,33% semen onggole, Conception Rate 88,76%, Calving Rate 88,76%, Service per Conception (S/C) 1,3, NRR 88,76% dan Mortalitas pra sapih 10,12%. Kesimpulannya, struktur populasi sapi potong di Kecamatan Kairatu didominasi oleh betina muda dan betina dewasa. Keberhasilan IB di Kecamatan Kairatu tergolong baik, ditandai dengan angka conception rate dan calving rate yang tinggi serta S/C yang mendekati angka satu.
ABSTRACT
Evaluating reproductive performance and population structure of beef cattle in development centers is crucial to ensuring local meat self-sufficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the population structure and the success rate of the Artificial Insemination (AI) program in beef cattle in Kairatu District, West Seram Regency. This descriptive-analytic study employed a purposive sampling method. The respondents comprised 30 smallholder farmers from three villages, with a total observation unit of 464 beef cattle, 89 of which were active breeding cows registered as AI acceptors. The observed variables included farmer characteristics, livestock population structure, and AI success rates. The results showed that the livestock management system was dominated by a semi-intensive pattern (83.33%), with the business orientation primarily serving as household savings (53.34%). Based on age groups, the population structure formed a regressive (inverted) pyramid dominated by mature cattle (40.30%) and young cattle (36.42%), while the proportion of calves was below the ideal threshold at 23.28%. The evaluation of the AI program indicated that estrus detection ability by farmers was 100% accurate. Regarding the dam characteristics, 63.33% of the breeding cows were inseminated at 3–4 years of age, and 43.33% utilized Ongole semen. The reproductive parameters demonstrated a Conception Rate of 88.76%, a Calving Rate of 88.76%, a Service per Conception (S/C) value of 1.3, a Non-Return Rate (NRR) of 88.76%, and a pre-weaning mortality rate of 10.12%. In conclusion, the beef cattle population structure in Kairatu District is dominated by young and mature females. The AI program in Kairatu District exhibits good performance, as evidenced by high conception and calving rates, as well as an S/C value approaching one.
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