Fighting Stereotypes: Expressions of Femininity in Public Spaces and the Challenge of Toxic Masculinity

Abstract

In Negeri Rumahtiga, a strong patriarchal pattern influences gender roles in society. Women are often confined to domestic spheres, while men dominate as heads of households. Based on preliminary survey results in the Negeri Rumahtiga region, there is gender inequality due to patriarchal constructs that restrict women to the domestic sector. Further study on toxic masculinity in Negeri Rumahtiga is needed to better understand the dynamics of gender in that area. The type of research used is qualitative research, which aims to interpret natural phenomena and is conducted by involving various methods. In qualitative research, methods typically utilized include interviews, observations, and document analysis such as journals and books. The findings of this study highlight that in Negeri Rumahtiga, the process of toxic masculinity in public spaces within the social construction of patriarchy not only harms women but also men who do not meet the established standards. They experience significant psychological and social pressures to maintain a hegemonic masculine image, even if this contradicts their personal identities and values. Additionally, the reality of expressing toxic masculinity in Negeri Rumahtiga depicts how the dominant culture and society in that region exploit and establish specific standards associated with what is considered “true masculinity.”