Efisiensi Penggunaan Material Konstruksi Tongkang Melalui Analisis Resonansi Getaran
Abstract
Objek penelitian ini adalah tongkang yang beroperasi di Kalimantan, dengan material muatan adalah batubara. Kekuatan struktur dan besarnya beban merupakan dua faktor penting dalam desain dan pengoperasiannya. Semakin kuat suatu struktur maka semakin aman dari segi persyaratan teknik, namun akan mengurangi beban yang berarti akan menurunkan nilai ekonomisnya. Agar efisiensi kedua faktor diatas dapat tercapai, maka perlu dilakukan rekayasa konstruksi tongkang melalui analisis resonansi getaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gabungan antara penelitian survei dan pengembangan. Metode pengembangannya dilakukan dengan rekayasa pada void tank dengan menggunakan analisis resonansi getaran untuk menentukan titik kritis dan analisis kekuatan struktur pada area tersebut berdasarkan nilai kekakuan yang dihasilkan. Rekayasa dilakukan dengan penyesuaian jarak dan dimensi tiang penyangga pada void tank, serta tulangan penguat diagonalnya. Jumlah tulangan penguat diagonal berkurang 50% atau bobot berkurang 12,69 ton. Pilar bertambah berat 6,241 ton. Hasil dari rekayasa struktur ini menghasilkan peningkatan kekuatan struktur sebesar 27%, pengurangan lendutan sebesar 45,2% dan beban dapat ditingkatkan hingga 0,42% atau 6,45 ton dari beban awal yang dapat dipikul. Luaran dari penelitian ini adalah desain tongkang yang lebih ringan (biaya produksi lebih murah) sehingga daya dukungnya meningkat yang berarti menguntungkan pemilik kapal namun tetap aman dalam pengoperasiannya.
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