Botany, Pharmacognosy, And Phytochemical Study Of Gymnanthemum amygdalina (Delile) Sch.Bip. Leaves from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Reza Anindita; Manuela Esterlita Tahapary; Intan Kurnia Putri; Maya Uzia Beandrade

doi:10.30598/rumphiusv7i2p138-147

Reza Anindita Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7037-9317
Manuela Esterlita Tahapary Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8604-9766
Intan Kurnia Putri Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9834-4900
Maya Uzia Beandrade Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0516-8100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598/rumphiusv7i2p138-147

Keywords: Gymnanthemum amygdalina, botany, phytochemical, screening

Abstract

Gymnanthemum amygdalina (Delile) Sch.Bip. possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anticholesterol, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to determine the morphology of leaves, stems, flowers, and roots, as well as the microscopic powder characteristics, phytochemical profile, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) pattern of G. amygdalina leaves. The samples were collected from Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Methods included morphological examination, microscopic powder analysis, phytochemical screening, and TLC. The morphological characterization of G. amygdalina showed that the leaves measured 10–22 cm in length and 2–8 cm in width, with an oblong shape, acuminate tips, acute bases, pinnate venation, serrated margins, rough surfaces, woody stems, and a taproot system. Microscopic examination revealed fragments of trichomes. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids/steroids. TLC analysis showed five red spots with an average Rf value ranging from 0.06 to 0.58. In conclusion, the morphological characteristics of G. amygdalina leaves were identified, microscopic analysis revealed trichome fragments, and phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites. TLC analysis yielded Rf values between 0.06 and 0.58.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alara, O. R., Abdurahman, H., Kholijah, S., Mudalip, A., & Olalere, A. (2017). Phytochemical And Pharmacological Properties of Vernonia amygdalina: A Review. Journal Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (JCEIB), 2, 80–96. https://doi.org/10.15282/JCEIB-V2-07.29/9/2017/2.2.

Anindita, R., Nathalia, D. D., Perwitasari, M., Putri, I. K., Beandrade, M. U., & Harahap, N. R. A. (2024a). Antibacterial Bioactivity Test of Bilimbi Fruit Ethanol Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). Against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry, 13(1), 173–182. https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.173-182.

Anindita, R., Yolanda, H., & Inggraini, M. (2022b). Phytochemical Krining and Antibacterial Test of Lemon Peel Ethanol Extract Compounds (Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck) Against Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Bioshell: Journal of Biology Education, Biology and Science Education, 11(2), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.56013/bio.v11i2.1644.

Bestari, R. (2021). Phytochemical Compounds And Pharmacological Activities Of African Leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) For Herbal Medicine Candidate. Journal of Medicine (Medical Science and Technology), IV(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30743/stm.v4i1.135.

Daturara, B., Cincin Kirana, B., & Indriasari, C. (2024). Test of the Effectiveness of African Leaf Extract (Vernonia amygdalina) on Wound Healing. JUKEJ: Jompa Health Journal, 3(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.Vol3.Iss1.1106.

Fermin, S. M., De Leon, D. T., Dulay, R. M., Undan, J., & De Leon, A. M. (2024). Identification and assessment of biological activities of Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. collected from Bongabon, Nueva Ecija. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 11(2), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1381647.

Gumilar, G. A. M. (2022). Antidiabetic Activity Test of African Leaf Water Fraction (Vernonia amygdalina) in Female Mice. Duta Christian University.

Habisukan, H. U., & Suhertini, R. (2024). Identification And Utilization Of Medicinal Plants In Talang Kelapa District, Palembang City. Stigma, 17(1), 26–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36456/stigma.17.01.8890.112-131.

Karlina, N., Kunaedi, A., Ahidin, D., Jannah, U., & Zahiyah, Y. (2023). Antioxidant Activity Test Of African Leaves Purification Extract (Vernonia amygdalina Del) with DPPH Method. Jurnal Farmasi Sains Dan Praktis, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v9i1.7912.

Kartikawati, E., Deswati, D. A., & Mahardika, A. (2021). Test of the Analgesic Effect of African Leaf Extract (Vernonia amygdalina. d) In white male mice of the Swiss Webster strain. Sabdariffarma Journal, 9(2), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.53675/jsfar.v3i2.392.

Kartini, K., Dewi, E. R., Achmad, F., Jayani, N. I. E., Hadiyat, M. A., & Avanti, C. (2020). Thin layer chromatography fingerprinting and clustering of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. From different origins. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(1), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.13.

Kaur, D., Khalsa, G. H. G., Kaur, N., & Chopra, A. (2019). A comprehensive review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Vernonia amygdalina. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 8(3).

Meilani, D., & Kusumastuti, M. Y. (2019). African Leaf Ethanol Extract Gel Formulation (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) As an Antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Semnas MIPAKes UMRi, 1(2015), 1–6.

Monoarfa, F. (2016). Phytochemical Screening of Secondary Metabolite Compounds from African Leaf Extract (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) Using Thin-Layer Chromatography.Abstract

Perwitasari, M., Anindita, R., Uzia Beandrade, M., Dwi Nathalia, D., Nurani Hasmar, W., & Putri, K. I. (2023). Anti-Bacterial Activity of Etanolic Extract and Essential Oil of Basil (Ocimum sanctum) on Growth Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella thypii and Eschericia coli. Journal of BASIC SCIENCES, 24(2), 143–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19184/jid.v24i2.31367.

Pratiwi, R. D., & Elsye, G. (2018). Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanolic Extract OF Vernonia amygdalina Delile Leaves Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia), 15(02), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v15i2.3493.

Putri, A. Y. (2019). Potential of African Leaves (Vernonia amygdalina) as Antidiabetic. Sandi Husada Health Scientific Journal, 10(2), 336–339. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.183.

Rahmadani, I. A., Erwin, & Pratiwi, D. R. (2021). Phytochemical test and toxicity test of coarse extracts of leaves, stems and bark of African plants (Vernonia amygdalina Del.). Proceedings of the National Seminar on Chemistry, 78–84.

Sukmawati, S., Hadi, H., & Aminah, A. (2017). Potential of African Leaf Flavonoid Compounds (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) Ternate origin as an antioxidant. Scientific Journal of As-Syifaa, 9(2), 195–200. https://doi.org/10.33096/jifa.v9i2.278.

Vonia, S., Hartati, R., & Insanu, M. (2022). In Vitro Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and the Isolation of Luteolin from the Flower of Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch. Bip ex Walp. Molecules, 27(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072132.

Wahyudi, Alfianti Balqis, A., Yunita Lubis, D., Sari, L., Muril Khairani, R., & Nadia Raisya, S. (2024). Pharmacological Potential Of Vernonia Amygdalina With Various Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Jurnal Eduhealth, 15(04), 501–512. https://doi.org/10.54209/eduhealth.v15i04.