Botany, Pharmacognosy, and Phytochemical Study of Gymnanthemum amygdalina (Delile) Sch.Bip. Leaves from Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Reza Anindita; Manuela Esterlita Tahapary; Dede Dwi Nathalia; Intan Kurnia Putri; Maya Uzia Beandrade

doi:10.30598/rumphiusv7i2p138-147

Reza Anindita Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7037-9317
Manuela Esterlita Tahapary Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8604-9766
Dede Dwi Nathalia Universitas Esa Unggul https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0545-564X
Intan Kurnia Putri Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9834-4900
Maya Uzia Beandrade Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Keluarga, Bekasi, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0516-8100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598/rumphiusv7i2p138-147

Keywords: Gymnanthemum amygdalina, botany, phytochemical, screening

Abstract

Gymnanthemum amygdalina (Delile) Sch.Bip. possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anticholesterol, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to determine the morphology of leaves, stems, flowers, and roots, as well as the microscopic powder characteristics, phytochemical profile, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) pattern of G. amygdalina leaves. The samples were collected from Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Methods included morphological examination, microscopic powder analysis, phytochemical screening, and TLC. The morphological characterization of G. amygdalina showed that the leaves measured 10–22 cm in length and 2–8 cm in width, with an oblong shape, acuminate tips, acute bases, pinnate venation, serrated margins, rough surfaces, woody stems, and a taproot system. Microscopic examination revealed fragments of trichomes. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids/steroids. TLC analysis showed five red spots with an average Rf value ranging from 0.06 to 0.58. In conclusion, the morphological characteristics of G. amygdalina leaves were identified, microscopic analysis revealed trichome fragments, and phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites. TLC analysis yielded Rf values between 0.06 and 0.58.

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