Histopathological Analysis of Liver Damage in Rasbora lateristriata Fish Induced by Extract Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea)

Anggita Endar Pertiwi; Sirayya Illiyin; Imran Sadewo; Sekar Rahayu; Papuani Samparisna Rumansara; Felisitas Moli Podhi; Sais Sularsah; Adelfiani Adelfiani; Bambang Retnoaji; Fajar Sofyantoro; Ardaning Nuriliani; Nastiti Wijayanti; Hendry T. S. S. G. Saragih; Zuliyati Rohmah; Slamet Widiyanto; Desi Eka Putri Empra; Wiwin Ariesti; Nur Indah Septriani

Anggita Endar Pertiwi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0078-1736
Sirayya Illiyin Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1715-7767
Imran Sadewo Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4040-9449
Sekar Rahayu Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5097-1320
Papuani Samparisna Rumansara Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1221-9989
Felisitas Moli Podhi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1902-2084
Sais Sularsah Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1227-7918
Adelfiani Adelfiani Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1903-1577
Bambang Retnoaji Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-9723
Fajar Sofyantoro Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-1956
Ardaning Nuriliani Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6782-4694
Nastiti Wijayanti Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9767-0367
Hendry T. S. S. G. Saragih Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-6191
Zuliyati Rohmah Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8251-8986
Slamet Widiyanto Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5877-9112
Desi Eka Putri Empra Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6523-7511
Wiwin Ariesti Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2729-0780
Nur Indah Septriani Universitas Gadjah Mada, Fakultas Biologi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-5520

Keywords: Rasbora, lateristriata, Clitoria ternatea L, Histopathological, Liver

Abstract

Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is an Indonesian native plant known for its medicinal properties due to its rich content of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and ternatins. Although widely recognized for its health benefits, the long-term effects of its bioactive compounds require careful evaluation. This study aimed to investigate the potential hepatotoxic effects of butterfly pea flower extract on the liver of Rasbora lateristriata fish. Fish were exposed to 0 (control), 50, 75, and 100 ppm of butterfly pea extract for four days, with four fish allocated per group. Histological markers, including necrosis, vacuolization, pyknosis, and hemorrhage, were assessed in liver tissues. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test at a 95% confidence level. Results indicated that butterfly pea flower extract caused significant hepatic damage, with increased severity at higher concentrations. The most pronounced damage was observed at 75 ppm, suggesting an optimal dose for inducing oxidative stress. This study highlights the potential hepatotoxicity of butterfly pea flower extract in aquatic species and underscores the need for further research to evaluate its safety for therapeutic use.

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