Humor and Critical Literacy: Exploring Stand-Up Comedy in Indonesian Language Education
Keywords:
Classroom Discourse, Critical Literacy, Humor In Education, Multimodal Pedagogy, Stand-Up Comedy
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of stand-up comedy as a pedagogical strategy for enhancing critical literacy in Indonesian language classrooms. Unlike conventional literacy practices that emphasize technical reading and writing skills, stand-up comedy offers a space for students to combine humor, performance, and critique. Using a qualitative case study at a public senior high school in Indonesia, data were collected through classroom observations of student performances, interviews with teachers and students, and textual analysis of students’ written monologues. The findings show that stand-up comedy enables students to transform everyday experiences into critical commentary, express social critique in accessible and creative forms, and develop confidence in public speaking. Humor proved effective in stimulating reflective dialogue on sensitive issues, fostering peer engagement, and encouraging students to negotiate meanings beyond the textbook. The novelty of this study lies in positioning stand-up comedy as a form of multimodal literacy that integrates text, performance, and humor, highlighting its role as both linguistic practice and critical pedagogy. Challenges were identified in guiding humor responsibly, particularly when addressing sensitive or controversial topics. This research demonstrates the value of integrating popular culture into literacy education to cultivate students’ critical, contextual, and creative capacities.
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References
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Banegas, D. L., & Gerlach, D. (2021). Critical language teacher education: A duoethnography of teacher educators’ identities and agency. System, 98(12), 102474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102474
Burger, C. (2022). Humor Styles, Bullying Victimization and Psychological School Adjustment: Mediation, Moderation and Person-Oriented Analyses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811415
Ceha, J., Lee, K. J., Nilsen, E., Goh, J., & Law, E. (2021). Can a Humorous Conversational Agent Enhance Learning Experience and Outcomes? Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445068
Cook, J., Ecker, U. K. H., Trecek-King, M., Schade, G., Jeffers-Tracy, K., Fessmann, J., Kim, S. C., Kinkead, D., Orr, M., Vraga, E., Roberts, K., & McDowell, J. (2023). The cranky uncle game—combining humor and gamification to build student resilience against climate misinformation. Environmental Education Research, 29(4), 607–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2085671
Daniels, Karen. (2019). Notions of agency in early literacy classrooms: Assemblages and productive intersections. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 21(4), 568–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798419866489
Domínguez Romero, E., & Bobkina, J. (2021). Exploring critical and visual literacy needs in digital learning environments: The use of memes in the EFL/ESL university classroom. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 40(12), 100783. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100783
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Fitria, T. N. (2023). Breaking the Ice in the Classroom: Using Ice Breaking in the Teaching and Learning Process. Borneo Journal of English Language Education, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35334/bjele.v5i1.4210
Fitriyah, A., Ayatin, R., Sugiarti, R., Rozak, A., & Pujiatna, T. (2024). Instructional Design of Problem-Based Learning Models: A Strategy for Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities in Learning News Texts. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(4), 2088. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i4.11675
Fotopoulou, A. (2021). Conceptualising critical data literacies for civil society organisations: agency, care, and social responsibility. Information, Communication & Society, 24(11), 1640–1657. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1716041
Häggström, M., & Schmidt, C. (2021). Futures literacy – To belong, participate and act!: An Educational perspective. Futures, 132(2), 102813. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102813
Hossain, M. S., Alam, M. K., & Ali, M. S. (2024). Phenomenological Approach in the Qualitative Study: Data Collection and Saturation. ICRRD Quality Index Research Journal, 5(2), 148–172. https://doi.org/10.53272/icrrd.v5i2.4
Hukubun, Y., Rumalean, I., & Solissa, E. M. (2022). Learning to Write Instructions: Implementation of 21st Century Life Skills Innovation. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page20-28
Intiana, S. R. H., Prihartini, A. A., Handayani, F., Mar’i, M., & Faridi, K. (2023). Independent Curriculum and the Indonesian Language Education throughout the Era of Society 5.0: A Literature Review. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(1), 911–921. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i1.3140
Ismawati, E., Hersulastuti, H., Amertawengrum, I. P., & Anindita, K. A. (2023). Portrait of Education in Indonesia: Learning from PISA Results 2015 to Present. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(1), 321–340. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.1.18
Kaluarachchi, K. A. D. P. (2025). Philosophical Approaches to Qualitative Research (Positivism, Phenomenological Approach & Critical Social Sciences). Sri Lanka Journal of Social Work, 8(2), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljsw.v8i2.11
Kohli, R., Pizarro, M., Garcia, L.-G., Kelly, L., Espinoza, M., & Cordova, J. (2021). Critical professional development and the racial justice leadership possibilities of teachers of colour in K-12 schools. Professional Development in Education, 47(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2020.1814387
Litualy, S. J., Wenno, E. C., & Serpara, H. (2022). Systematic Literature Review of Scientific Journal: Translation Technique of Literary Text of Poetry. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page1-9
Lubis, F. K., & Bahri, S. (2021). Enhancing Students’ Literacy Competence Through Writing Bilingual Folklore Book by IT: Process Approach. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 2(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v2i1.205
Manuputty, R. (2022). Enhancing Students’ Critical Reading Skills in Teaching Argumentative Essay. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page36-46
Maulidiah, R. H., Nisa, K., Rahayu, S., Irma, C. N., & Fitrianti, E. (2023). Multicultural Education Values in the Indonesian Textbooks: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(3), 624–635. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1303.11
Mulisa, F. (2022). When Does a Researcher Choose a Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Research Approach? Interchange, 53(1), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-021-09447-z
Neff, P., & Dewaele, J.-M. (2023). Humor strategies in the foreign language class. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 17(3), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2022.2088761
Parlindungan, F., Rifai, I., Nuthihar, R., & Dewayani, S. (2024). Evaluating Indonesian Hero Stories Featured in Children’s Literature. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 27(2), 931–947. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v27i2.8787
Polizzi, Gianfranco. (2021). Internet users’ utopian/dystopian imaginaries of society in the digital age: Theorizing critical digital literacy and civic engagement. New Media & Society, 25(6), 1205–1226. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211018609
Pranoto, B. E., & Suprayogi. (2021). Insights from Students’ Perspective of 9GAG Humorous Memes Used in EFL Classroom. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2020), 72–76. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210427.011
Putri, I. L., Andayani, A., & Wardani, N. E. (2024). Social Criticism and Morality in “Subversif!” Drama by Faiza Mardzoeki as Literature Teaching Materials. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(1), 487. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i1.8828
Qatrinada, C., & Apoko, T. W. (2024). Exploring The Use of Narrative Texts in Teaching Writing for EFL Classroom. Edulitics (Education, Literature, and Linguistics) Journal, 9(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.52166/edulitics.v9i1.6536
Şahin, Ahmet. (2021). Humor Use in School Settings: The Perceptions of Teachers. SAGE Open, 11(2), 21582440211022692. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211022691
Sarah, Y. (2022). Study on EFL Classroom Management in Classroom at SMP Negeri 13 Ambon. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page10-19
St-Amand, J., Smith, J., & Goulet, M. (2024). Is teacher humor an asset in classroom management? Examining its association with students’ well-being, sense of school belonging, and engagement. Current Psychology, 43(3), 2499–2514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04481-9
Storm, S., & Jones, K. (2021). Queering critical literacies: disidentifications and queer futurity in an afterschool storytelling and roleplaying game. English Teaching: Practice & Critique, 20(4), 534–548. https://doi.org/10.1108/ETPC-10-2020-0131
Sudarmo, S., Arifin, A., Jacob Pattiasina, P., Wirawan, V., & Aslan, A. (2021). The Future of Instruction Media in Indonesian Education: Systematic Review. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(2), 1302–1311. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i2.542
Supardi, S. (2024). Power Relations and Media Narratives in Implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program: A Case Study of Policy Perspective in Indonesia. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 22(2), 22985. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001634
Tabelessy, N., & Umkeketony, S. (2022). Causes of Code Mixing in Interaction Learning Indonesian for Class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ambon. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page55-59
Tsukawaki, Ryota, & Imura, Tomoya. (2020). Students’ Perception of Teachers’ Humor Predicts Their Mental Health. Psychological Reports, 125(1), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120972631
Umar, Muhammad Aulia Taufiqi, & M Bambang Purwanto. (2024). Promoting Religious Moderation through English Language Teaching: Strategies and Challenges in Islamic Educational Settings. ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal), 15(2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v15i2.443
Williams, Olivia A. (2022). Critical Literacy in Practice: How Educators Leverage Supports and Overcome Challenges to Enact Critical Literacy Pedagogy in Their Classrooms. Literacy Research: Theory, Method, and Practice, 71(1), 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/23813377221115190
Winhar, A. A. P. (2022). Cultivating Gender Sensitivity & Critical Reading Skills Using Fiction. SALASIKA Indonesian Journal of Gender Women Child and Social Inclusion s Studies, 4(2), 107–133. https://doi.org/10.36625/sj.v4i2.91
Ames, H., Glenton, C., & Lewin, S. (2019). Purposive sampling in a qualitative evidence synthesis: a worked example from a synthesis on parental perceptions of vaccination communication. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0665-4
Apituley, P. S., Lestuny, C., & Soumokil, P. (2022). Application of the Metaphor Approach in German Learning at SMA Negeri 7 Ambon. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page29-35
Asmawati, A., Ulya, R. H., & Jasril, J. (2023). A Sociological and Mimesis Studies on the Forms of Social Issues and Critique in Indonesian Novels. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(3), 2674–2689. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i3.3159
Banegas, D. L., & Gerlach, D. (2021). Critical language teacher education: A duoethnography of teacher educators’ identities and agency. System, 98(12), 102474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102474
Burger, C. (2022). Humor Styles, Bullying Victimization and Psychological School Adjustment: Mediation, Moderation and Person-Oriented Analyses. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811415
Ceha, J., Lee, K. J., Nilsen, E., Goh, J., & Law, E. (2021). Can a Humorous Conversational Agent Enhance Learning Experience and Outcomes? Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445068
Cook, J., Ecker, U. K. H., Trecek-King, M., Schade, G., Jeffers-Tracy, K., Fessmann, J., Kim, S. C., Kinkead, D., Orr, M., Vraga, E., Roberts, K., & McDowell, J. (2023). The cranky uncle game—combining humor and gamification to build student resilience against climate misinformation. Environmental Education Research, 29(4), 607–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2085671
Daniels, Karen. (2019). Notions of agency in early literacy classrooms: Assemblages and productive intersections. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 21(4), 568–589. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798419866489
Domínguez Romero, E., & Bobkina, J. (2021). Exploring critical and visual literacy needs in digital learning environments: The use of memes in the EFL/ESL university classroom. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 40(12), 100783. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100783
Doyle, L., McCabe, C., Keogh, B., Brady, A., & McCann, M. (2020). An overview of the qualitative descriptive design within nursing research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(5), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987119880234
Drani, A., Adisaputera, A., & Wuriyani, E. P. (2021). Effectiveness of Using Folklore Text-Based Learning Media Literacy in Class X Students of MAN Tg. Pura. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal, 4(1), 377–391. https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v4i1.1625
Dzulkifli Isadaud, M.Dzikrul Fikri, & Muhammad Imam Bukhari. (2022). The Urgency Of English In The Curriculum In Indonesia To Prepare Human Resources For Global Competitiveness. DIAJAR: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 1(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.54259/diajar.v1i1.177
Erdoğdu, F., & Çakıroğlu, Ü. (2021). The educational power of humor on student engagement in online learning environments. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 16(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-021-00158-8
Fauzia, N., Kuswardani, R., Rosyid, A., Abida, F. I. N., & Darma, D. B. (2023). Employing Traditional Stories to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills of Junior High School Students. Humanitatis : Journal of Language and Literature, 10(1), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.30812/humanitatis.v10i1.3184
Fitria, T. N. (2023). Breaking the Ice in the Classroom: Using Ice Breaking in the Teaching and Learning Process. Borneo Journal of English Language Education, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35334/bjele.v5i1.4210
Fitriyah, A., Ayatin, R., Sugiarti, R., Rozak, A., & Pujiatna, T. (2024). Instructional Design of Problem-Based Learning Models: A Strategy for Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities in Learning News Texts. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(4), 2088. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i4.11675
Fotopoulou, A. (2021). Conceptualising critical data literacies for civil society organisations: agency, care, and social responsibility. Information, Communication & Society, 24(11), 1640–1657. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1716041
Häggström, M., & Schmidt, C. (2021). Futures literacy – To belong, participate and act!: An Educational perspective. Futures, 132(2), 102813. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102813
Hossain, M. S., Alam, M. K., & Ali, M. S. (2024). Phenomenological Approach in the Qualitative Study: Data Collection and Saturation. ICRRD Quality Index Research Journal, 5(2), 148–172. https://doi.org/10.53272/icrrd.v5i2.4
Hukubun, Y., Rumalean, I., & Solissa, E. M. (2022). Learning to Write Instructions: Implementation of 21st Century Life Skills Innovation. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page20-28
Intiana, S. R. H., Prihartini, A. A., Handayani, F., Mar’i, M., & Faridi, K. (2023). Independent Curriculum and the Indonesian Language Education throughout the Era of Society 5.0: A Literature Review. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(1), 911–921. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i1.3140
Ismawati, E., Hersulastuti, H., Amertawengrum, I. P., & Anindita, K. A. (2023). Portrait of Education in Indonesia: Learning from PISA Results 2015 to Present. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(1), 321–340. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.1.18
Kaluarachchi, K. A. D. P. (2025). Philosophical Approaches to Qualitative Research (Positivism, Phenomenological Approach & Critical Social Sciences). Sri Lanka Journal of Social Work, 8(2), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljsw.v8i2.11
Kohli, R., Pizarro, M., Garcia, L.-G., Kelly, L., Espinoza, M., & Cordova, J. (2021). Critical professional development and the racial justice leadership possibilities of teachers of colour in K-12 schools. Professional Development in Education, 47(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2020.1814387
Litualy, S. J., Wenno, E. C., & Serpara, H. (2022). Systematic Literature Review of Scientific Journal: Translation Technique of Literary Text of Poetry. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page1-9
Lubis, F. K., & Bahri, S. (2021). Enhancing Students’ Literacy Competence Through Writing Bilingual Folklore Book by IT: Process Approach. Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal, 2(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v2i1.205
Manuputty, R. (2022). Enhancing Students’ Critical Reading Skills in Teaching Argumentative Essay. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page36-46
Maulidiah, R. H., Nisa, K., Rahayu, S., Irma, C. N., & Fitrianti, E. (2023). Multicultural Education Values in the Indonesian Textbooks: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 13(3), 624–635. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1303.11
Mulisa, F. (2022). When Does a Researcher Choose a Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Research Approach? Interchange, 53(1), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-021-09447-z
Neff, P., & Dewaele, J.-M. (2023). Humor strategies in the foreign language class. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 17(3), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2022.2088761
Parlindungan, F., Rifai, I., Nuthihar, R., & Dewayani, S. (2024). Evaluating Indonesian Hero Stories Featured in Children’s Literature. LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 27(2), 931–947. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v27i2.8787
Polizzi, Gianfranco. (2021). Internet users’ utopian/dystopian imaginaries of society in the digital age: Theorizing critical digital literacy and civic engagement. New Media & Society, 25(6), 1205–1226. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211018609
Pranoto, B. E., & Suprayogi. (2021). Insights from Students’ Perspective of 9GAG Humorous Memes Used in EFL Classroom. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2020), 72–76. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210427.011
Putri, I. L., Andayani, A., & Wardani, N. E. (2024). Social Criticism and Morality in “Subversif!” Drama by Faiza Mardzoeki as Literature Teaching Materials. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(1), 487. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i1.8828
Qatrinada, C., & Apoko, T. W. (2024). Exploring The Use of Narrative Texts in Teaching Writing for EFL Classroom. Edulitics (Education, Literature, and Linguistics) Journal, 9(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.52166/edulitics.v9i1.6536
Şahin, Ahmet. (2021). Humor Use in School Settings: The Perceptions of Teachers. SAGE Open, 11(2), 21582440211022692. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211022691
Sarah, Y. (2022). Study on EFL Classroom Management in Classroom at SMP Negeri 13 Ambon. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page10-19
St-Amand, J., Smith, J., & Goulet, M. (2024). Is teacher humor an asset in classroom management? Examining its association with students’ well-being, sense of school belonging, and engagement. Current Psychology, 43(3), 2499–2514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04481-9
Storm, S., & Jones, K. (2021). Queering critical literacies: disidentifications and queer futurity in an afterschool storytelling and roleplaying game. English Teaching: Practice & Critique, 20(4), 534–548. https://doi.org/10.1108/ETPC-10-2020-0131
Sudarmo, S., Arifin, A., Jacob Pattiasina, P., Wirawan, V., & Aslan, A. (2021). The Future of Instruction Media in Indonesian Education: Systematic Review. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(2), 1302–1311. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i2.542
Supardi, S. (2024). Power Relations and Media Narratives in Implementation of the Smart Indonesia Program: A Case Study of Policy Perspective in Indonesia. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS), 22(2), 22985. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001634
Tabelessy, N., & Umkeketony, S. (2022). Causes of Code Mixing in Interaction Learning Indonesian for Class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Ambon. JURNAL TAHURI, 19(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol19issue1page55-59
Tsukawaki, Ryota, & Imura, Tomoya. (2020). Students’ Perception of Teachers’ Humor Predicts Their Mental Health. Psychological Reports, 125(1), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120972631
Umar, Muhammad Aulia Taufiqi, & M Bambang Purwanto. (2024). Promoting Religious Moderation through English Language Teaching: Strategies and Challenges in Islamic Educational Settings. ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal), 15(2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.26877/eternal.v15i2.443
Williams, Olivia A. (2022). Critical Literacy in Practice: How Educators Leverage Supports and Overcome Challenges to Enact Critical Literacy Pedagogy in Their Classrooms. Literacy Research: Theory, Method, and Practice, 71(1), 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/23813377221115190
Winhar, A. A. P. (2022). Cultivating Gender Sensitivity & Critical Reading Skills Using Fiction. SALASIKA Indonesian Journal of Gender Women Child and Social Inclusion s Studies, 4(2), 107–133. https://doi.org/10.36625/sj.v4i2.91
Published
2025-02-25
How to Cite
Azizah, A. N., & Maharani, P. (2025). Humor and Critical Literacy: Exploring Stand-Up Comedy in Indonesian Language Education. Jurnal Tahuri, 22(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol22issue1page1-16
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Aisyah Nimatul Azizah, Putri Maharani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
