Perceived Standardness and Local Language Features in Academic Writing: A Sociolinguistic Study of Ambonese Students in Indonesia
Keywords:
Academic Literacy, Language Ideology, Linguistic Variation, Local Standard Ideology, Sociolinguistics
Abstract
This study investigates how local linguistic features and perceptions of standardness influence academic writing among university students in eastern Indonesia. Although Indonesian functions as the national academic language regulated by KBBI and PUEBI, the local Malay variety—Bahasa Melayu Ambon—retains strong social and cognitive functions in higher education. The research examines the linguistic characteristics of this variety in students’ academic texts, explores students’ perceptions of their language use, and analyzes the sociolinguistic implications of the gap between national norms and local practices. Using a qualitative descriptive approach within a sociolinguistic and language ideology framework, data were drawn from 15 academic texts and 10 interviews with Sociology students at a state university in Ambon. Analysis identified systematic lexical, morphological, syntactic, and orthographic features (e.g., beta, katong, dong, su, mo, seng ada) and applied Woolard and Schieffelin’s framework to interpret language beliefs. Findings reveal that students internalize local forms as standard Indonesian, reflecting a “local standard ideology” reinforced by limited academic writing instruction and dominant local norms. The study contributes theoretically by expanding sociolinguistic inquiry to written academic texts, methodologically by combining textual and perceptual data, and practically by informing localized academic literacy programs in multilingual settings.
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References
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Rozenvalde, K. (2025). “My English Skills Are a Huge Benefit to Me”: What Local Students’ Narratives Reveal About Language Ideologies at the University of Tartu. Languages, 10(10), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10100248
Sah, P. K. (2021). Reproduction of nationalist and neoliberal ideologies in Nepal’s language and literacy policies. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 41(2), 238–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1751063
Sasaki, M. (2021). Effects of Study‐Abroad Experiences on EFL Writers: A Multiple‐Data Analysis. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 602–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00625.x
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Schneider, B. (2022). Multilingualism and AI: The Regimentation of Language in the Age of Digital Capitalism. Signs and Society, 10(3), 362–387. https://doi.org/10.1086/721757
Sutrisno, D., Martina, Agus, N., Karsana, D., Juliastuty, D., Herianah, Damayanti, W., Jamzaroh, S., Rasyid, A., & Natsir, N. (2024). Unravelling the Meanings of Vernacular Settlements through Linguistic Threads: Echoes of Ngapak Dialect in Indonesia. ISVS E-Journal, 11(07), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.61275/ISVSej-2024-11-07-01
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Zen, E. L., & Starr, R. L. (2021). Variation and contact-induced change in Javanese phonology among multilingual children in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Language Variation, 7(2), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.20005.zen
Zulferdi, L. A. (2021). The English Use of Indonesian Students in Australia: Expectations, Perceptions, and Strategies. Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, 6(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.18196/ftl.v6i1.10476
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Awagu, I. V. (2021). Language in Academic Writing: Features and Topical Issues. Linguistics and Literature Studies, 9(2), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.13189/lls.2021.090201
Azmar, K., & Razali, A. B. (2024). Problems in Teaching English Academic Writing Among ESL Lecturers at Public and Private Universities in Malaysia. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 82(4), 434–455. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/24.82.434
Budiharto, R. A., Azizah, L. T. M., & Yazunka, Z. W. (2022). Investigating Mother Tongue Effect in the Acquisition of English Prepositions by Indonesian-Speaking Learners. ELTR Journal, 7(1), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.37147/eltr.v7i1.163
Castleberry, A., & Nolen, A. (2018). Thematic analysis of qualitative research data: Is it as easy as it sounds? Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 10(6), 807–815. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2018.03.019
Cladis, Andrea E. (2018). A shifting paradigm: An evaluation of the pervasive effects of digital technologies on language expression, creativity, critical thinking, political discourse, and interactive processes of human communications. E-Learning and Digital Media, 17(5), 341–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753017752583
Davila, B. (2022). White Language Supremacy in Course Descriptions. College Composition & Communication, 73(4), 640–664. https://doi.org/10.58680/ccc202232013
Dharmaputra, G. A. (2019). Language policy, ideology and language attitudes: A study of Indonesian parents and their choice of language in the home. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Faculty of Arts and Social Science.
Ding, S. L., & Chee, W. H. (2023). “What I want to do I do not do”: on bi- and multilingual repertoires and linguistic dislocation in a border town. Multilingua, 42(3), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.1515/multi-2021-0096
Fajrina, D., Everatt, J., & Sadeghi, A. (2022). Rhetorical pattern of the Indonesian EFL undergraduate students’ writings. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i1.13640
Flores, N. (2020). From academic language to language architecture: Challenging raciolinguistic ideologies in research and practice. Theory Into Practice, 59(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2019.1665411
Habiburrahim, H., Rahmiati, Z., Muluk, S., Akmal, S., & Aziz, Z. A. (2020). Language, identity, and ideology: Analysing discourse in Aceh sharia law implementation. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(3), 599–607.
Handoyo, Restu, Ali, Afia, Scior, Katrina, & Hassiotis, Angela. (2021). A qualitative exploration of stigma experience and inclusion among adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability in an Indonesian context. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 26(2), 293–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295211002349
Hasanah, S., & Pradipta, P. (2024). The Commencement of Madunglish by Plurilingualism-Translanguaging-Multilingual Education on the Spot. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on English Language Teaching (ICON-ELT 2023), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-120-3_14
Hendren, K., Newcomer, K., Pandey, S. K., Smith, M., & Sumner, N. (2023). How qualitative research methods can be leveraged to strengthen mixed methods research in public policy and public administration? Public Administration Review, 83(3), 468–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13528
Hendriks, B., & van Meurs, F. (2022). Attitudes to regional and standard accents in commercial and non-commercial contexts. Lingua, 271(12), 103229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2021.103229
Hima, A. N., Saputro, T. H., & Farah, R. R. (2021). Benefits and challenges of doing task-based language teaching in Indonesia: Teachers’ perception. KEMBARA Journal of Scientific Language Literature and Teaching, 7(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.v7i1.15805
Ismail, N., Mohd Ariff Albakri, I. S., Yoke, S. K., Elias@Alias, S., Ratan Singh, D. S. A., Abu, R., & Wan Mohd, W. N. H. (2024). A Case Study on the Use of Dynamic E-IAW Program Module for Learning ESL writing. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(5), 576–590. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i5/20850
Iyon, G. R., & Salakay, S. (2025). Bahasa, Stigma, dan Perubahan Sosial: Merekonstruksi Identitas Lokal melalui Program Pelestarian Bahasa Wemale. Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 17(2), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.30598/populis.17.2.199-213
Kang, O., & Yaw, K. (2024). Social judgement of L2 accented speech stereotyping and its influential factors. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(4), 921–936. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1931247
Kurniasih, Cahyono, B. Y., Astuti, U. P., & Suryati, N. (2023). Online Writing Instruction in Indonesia: Causes of anxiety problems and strategies of solutions. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 13(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.13.01.04
Lan, C. Z., Diskin-Holdaway, C., & Maxwell, O. (2025). “ I’m sad that we’re forced to speak impeccable English ”: A survey on language ideologies among Singaporeans. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 122(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2025.2510450
Lestaluhu, S. F., & Sopacua, Y. (2024). Disfungsi Transmisi Linguistik Intra-Keluarga: Hambatan Sosial dan Kultural dalam Pelestarian Bahasa Daerah Suku Wayoli di Tulehu, Maluku. Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 19(1), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.30598/populis.19.1.79-94
Li, P., & Lan, Y.-J. (2022). Digital Language Learning (DLL): Insights from Behavior, Cognition, and the Brain. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 25(3), 361–378. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/S1366728921000353
Lim, W. M. (2025). What Is Qualitative Research? An Overview and Guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(2), 199–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619
Luke, A. (2018). Digital Ethics Now. Language and Literacy, 20(3), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29416
Maulidiyah, F. (2023). An Analysis on Indonesian—English Abstract Translation to Enhance Multicultural Language in Accounting Department, State Polytechnic of Malang. Pendidikan Multikultural, 7(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.33474/multikultural.v7i1.19650
Meer, P., Hartmann, J., & Rumlich, D. (2021). Folklinguistic perceptions of Global Englishes among German learners of English. European Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(2), 391–416. https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2020-0014
Megah, S. I., & Noor, S. N. F. M. (2021). An Analysis of Ideological Construction of Soekarno’s twelve good expressions of the selected political speeches. Cahaya Pendidikan, 7(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.33373/chypend.v7i2.3612
Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A Step-by-Step Process of Thematic Analysis to Develop a Conceptual Model in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22(3), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231205789
Ó Murchadha, N., & Kavanagh, L. (2022). Language ideologies in a minority context: An experimental study of teachers’ responses to variation in Irish. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 26(2), 197–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12538
Pupynina, Maria, & Aralova, Natalia. (2021). Lower Kolyma multilingualism: Historical setting and sociolinguistic trends. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(4), 1081–1101. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069211023151
Putra, I. G. A. C. S., & Tustiawati, I. A. M. (2024). Language Attitudes and Practices in Multilingual Setting: A Case Study of University Students in Bali. Lingua Cultura, 18(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v18i1.11506
Richards, J. C. (2023). Beyond the Text Book: the Role of Commercial Materials in Language Teaching. RELC Journal, 24(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/003368829302400101
Ritter, C. S. (2022). Rethinking digital ethnography: A qualitative approach to understanding interfaces. Qualitative Research, 22(6), 916–932. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687941211000540
Rozenvalde, K. (2025). “My English Skills Are a Huge Benefit to Me”: What Local Students’ Narratives Reveal About Language Ideologies at the University of Tartu. Languages, 10(10), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10100248
Sah, P. K. (2021). Reproduction of nationalist and neoliberal ideologies in Nepal’s language and literacy policies. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 41(2), 238–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1751063
Sasaki, M. (2021). Effects of Study‐Abroad Experiences on EFL Writers: A Multiple‐Data Analysis. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 602–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00625.x
Schmidt, L. B., & Geeslin, K. L. (2022). Developing language attitudes in a second language. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics, 35(1), 206–235. https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.20008.sch
Schneider, B. (2022). Multilingualism and AI: The Regimentation of Language in the Age of Digital Capitalism. Signs and Society, 10(3), 362–387. https://doi.org/10.1086/721757
Sutrisno, D., Martina, Agus, N., Karsana, D., Juliastuty, D., Herianah, Damayanti, W., Jamzaroh, S., Rasyid, A., & Natsir, N. (2024). Unravelling the Meanings of Vernacular Settlements through Linguistic Threads: Echoes of Ngapak Dialect in Indonesia. ISVS E-Journal, 11(07), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.61275/ISVSej-2024-11-07-01
Tomia, A., Lopulalan, D. L. Y., & Nahuway, J. (2025). Ekspresi Diri, Identitas Kolektif, dan Resolusi Konflik: Peran Bahasa Cia-Cia dalam Dinamika Sosial Komunitas Dusun Rahai. Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 19(2), 125–140. https://doi.org/10.30598/populis.19.2.125-140
Woolard, K. A. (2020). Language Ideology. In The International Encyclopedia of Linguistic Anthropology (pp. 1–21). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118786093.iela0217
Zein, S., Sukyadi, D., Hamied, F. A., & Lengkanawati, N. S. (2020). English language education in Indonesia: A review of research (2011–2019). Language Teaching, 53(4), 491–523. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444820000208
Zen, E. L., & Starr, R. L. (2021). Variation and contact-induced change in Javanese phonology among multilingual children in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Language Variation, 7(2), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1075/aplv.20005.zen
Zulferdi, L. A. (2021). The English Use of Indonesian Students in Australia: Expectations, Perceptions, and Strategies. Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, 6(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.18196/ftl.v6i1.10476
Published
2025-08-25
How to Cite
Afdhal, A. (2025). Perceived Standardness and Local Language Features in Academic Writing: A Sociolinguistic Study of Ambonese Students in Indonesia. Jurnal Tahuri, 22(2), 120-136. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol22issue2page120-136
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Afdhal Afdhal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
