Code-Switching as Social Identity Marker among Chinese-Indonesian Students in Urban Educational Settings
Keywords:
Code-Switching, Identity Construction, Multilingualism, Secondary Education, Sociolinguistics, Urban Schools
Abstract
This study investigates code-switching practices as markers of social identity among Chinese-Indonesian students in urban secondary education settings. While code-switching has been widely studied in Indonesian bilingual contexts, research focusing on its sociocultural dynamics and identity functions within secondary schools remains limited. The study was conducted at a private urban school in Jakarta with a predominantly Chinese-Indonesian student population. Using a qualitative sociolinguistic approach and an ethnographic case study design, data were collected through participant observation, recordings of spontaneous conversations, and in-depth interviews with 15 bilingual and multilingual students (Grades 10–12). The analysis involved classifying types of code-switching (intersentential, intrasentential, and tag-switching), identifying their social functions, and examining identity construction processes. Findings reveal that Indonesian–Mandarin–English code-switching operates as a strategic social practice. English is used to express prestige, intelligence, and global lifestyle; Mandarin functions as an ethnic solidarity marker; and Indonesian is employed in formal contexts, reflecting school hierarchies. These patterns are not random but serve as performative acts to negotiate social class, ethnicity, and global youth identity, reinforcing in-group boundaries. The study offers novel insights into multilingual identity construction among Chinese-Indonesian youths and contributes to sociolinguistic scholarship by linking language practices to social stratification and identity. Pedagogically, the findings inform more responsive language and curriculum policies for urban multilingual schools.
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References
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Ho, W. Y. J., & Tai, K. W. H. (2024). Translanguaging in digital learning: the making of translanguaging spaces in online English teaching videos. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 27(9), 1212–1233. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2021.2001427
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Ismadi, W. A. A. M., Azmi, N. N., Chuin, T. K., & Zhuo, H. W. (2021). Code-switching in Malaysian Chinese Community in The Film the Journey (2014). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(1), 82–95. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i1/8412
Jehan, N., Javed, T., & Banu, S. (2025). The Evolution of Code-Switching in Multilingual Societies: A Sociolinguistic Perspective. Advance Social Science Archive Journal, 4(1), 614–625. https://doi.org/10.55966/assaj.2025.4.1.054
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Mirzoyeva, L. Y., & Syurmen, O. V. (2020). Multilingualism in Digital Communication. Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices, 17(2), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.22363/2618-897X-2020-17-2-168-175
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Nahak, Y., & Bram, B. (2022). Code-Mixing and Code-Switching Uttered by Cinta Laura in Okay Boss Trans7’s Talk Show. Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 5(1), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.33503/journey.v5i1.534
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Pupynina, Maria, & Aralova, Natalia. (2021). Lower Kolyma multilingualism: Historical setting and sociolinguistic trends. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(4), 1081–1101. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069211023151
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Ria Hendriani, Abdul Wahab, & Karyawan Putraidi. (2025). Code-Switching And Code-Mixing In Crazy Awesome Teachers. REFORM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 8(2), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.70004/reform.v8i02.196
Rodriguez-Ordoñez, Itxaso, Kasstan, Jonathan, & O’Rourke, Bernadette. (2022). Responding to sociolinguistic change: New speakers and variationist sociolinguistics. International Journal of Bilingualism, 26(5), 529–541. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069221110381
Rojas, B. G. (2025). Code-Switching as Identity Negotiation in Multilingual Communities. Bulletin of Language and Literature Studies, 2(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.59652/blls.v2i1.517
Romanowski, P. (2024). Affordances of code-switching in Polish–Australian families: An exploration of language ideologies, practices and management. International Journal of Bilingualism, 28(5), 907–925. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069231205764
Sinamo, C. B., Astuti, U. P., & Ivone, F. M. (2024). Code Switching and Code Mixing: An Analysis in Boy William’s Reality Show ‘The Family.’ Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Sastra, 10(2), 1506–1516. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i2.3504
Stanley, M. (2023). Qualitative Descriptive. In Qualitative Research Methodologies for Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (pp. 52–67). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003456216-4
Sundler, A. J., Lindberg, E., Nilsson, C., & Palmér, L. (2019). Qualitative thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology. Nursing Open, 6(3), 733–739. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.275
Susanti, R., Haryanto, H., Pranawukir, I., Safar, M., & Tjahyadi, I. (2024). The Use of Code-Mixing and Code-Switching: Challenge Identification in Language Online Mass Media. IJOLTL (Indonesian Journal of Language Teaching and Linguistics), 9(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.30957/ijoltl.v9i1.773
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Taher, M. D. S. (2022). Enggano Language Viability: Diglossia Leakage Phenomenon and Endangered Language Defense Strategy in Enggano. Linguistik, Terjemahan, Sastra (LINGTERSA), 3(1), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.32734/lingtersa.v3i1.8847
Taher, M. D. S., Oktaviani, V. D., Dewanda, K., Yosafat, V., & Firmonasari, A. (2022). Language Preservation Parameter: Assesment of Bengkulu Malay Language Vitality Using Level Endangerment Index. Tradition and Modernity of Humanity, 2(2), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.32734/tmh.v2i2.10133
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Published
2025-08-25
How to Cite
Gabriella, R., & Rengkung, F. Z. (2025). Code-Switching as Social Identity Marker among Chinese-Indonesian Students in Urban Educational Settings. Jurnal Tahuri, 22(2), 157-177. https://doi.org/10.30598/tahurivol22issue2page157-177
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Regina Gabriella, Frany Zelin Rengkung
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
