KONEKTIVITAS GENETIK Cephalopholis sexmaculata ANTARA DAERAH PENANGKAPAN DAN DAERAH KONSERVASI DI WILAYAH PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN 714
Abstract
The Fisheries Management Area (FMA 714) has great potential for reef fish with high diversity. However, exploitation of reef fish, especially grouper in FMA 714 is also high to meet national and international market demand. One of the species of grouper is Cephalopholis sexmaculata from the Serranidae family. This research was conducted with the aim to determine genetic distance and phylogenetic relationships as well as genetic diversity, population structure and genetic connectivity of the C. sexmaculata in conservation areas and fishing areas in FMA 714 using DNA barcoding. Samples of C. sexmaculata were collected using a survey method with analyzes carried out including molecular analysis, phylogenetic relationships as well as genetic diversity and connectivity. The results of the research show that the C. sexmaculata population in FMA 714 has a very close relationship with the the values of genetic distance ranging from 0-10.9%. The genetic diversity obtained also shows the value of 1 which is categorized as high in each population. The connectivity formed from the population structure of this species indicates the existence of genetic exchange between the C. sexmaculatapopulation in the conservation area and the fishing area in FMA 714.
ABSTRAK
Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP 714) memiliki potensi ikan karang yang besar dengan keragaman yang tinggi. Walaupun demikian, eksploitasi ikan karang terutama ikan kerapu di WPP 714 juga cukup tinggi untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar nasional dan internasional. Salah satu jenis ikan kerapu adalah Cephalopholis sexmaculata dari famili Serranidae. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui jarak genetik dan hubungan filogenetik serta keragaman genetik, struktur populasi dan konektivitas genetik dari spesies C. sexmaculata antara daerah konservasi dan daerah penangkapan di WPP 714 dengan menggunakan DNA barcoding. Sampel ikan C. sexmaculata diperoleh menggunakan metode survei dengan analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis molekuler, hubungan kekerabatan atau filogenetik serta keragaman dan konektivitas genetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa populasi C. sexmaculata di WPP 714 memiliki hubungan yang sangat dekat dengan jarak genetika yang diperoleh berkisar antara 0-10,9%. Nilai keragaman genetik yang diperoleh juga menunjukan angka 1 yang terkategori tinggi pada setiap populasi. Konektivitas yang terbentuk dari struktur populasi pada spesies ini menunjukan pendugaan terhadap adanya pertukaran genetik antara populasi C. sexmaculata di daerah konservasi dengan daerah penangkapan di WPP 714.
Kata Kunci: WPP 714, Cephalopholis sexmaculata, penanda DNA, konektivitas, filogenetik
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