STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN PENGELOLAAN BUDIDAYA KEPITING BAKAU DI TELUK BIMA

Edy Suherman; Muhammad Kasnir; Hasnidar Hasnidar; Rustam Rustam; Muhammad Ikhsan Wamnebo; Randi Randi

doi:10.30598/TRITONvol22issue1page54-67

Edy Suherman Mahasiswa Program Doktor Ilmu Perikanan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
Muhammad Kasnir Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Perikanan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
Hasnidar Hasnidar Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Perikanan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
Rustam Rustam Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Perikanan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
Muhammad Ikhsan Wamnebo Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Perikanan, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia
Randi Randi Program Studi Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598/TRITONvol22issue1page54-67

Keywords: Mangrove crab, sustainability, silvofishery, RAPFISH, Bima Bay

Abstract

Mangrove crab (Scylla spp) are a high-value fishery commodity that thrives in coastal areas, particularly mangrove ecosystems. However, anthropogenic pressure on mangroves poses a challenge to sustainable cultivation. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of mangrove crab cultivation management in Bima Bay through a multidimensional approach encompassing ecological, economic, social, technological, and institutional aspects. The method used was a mixed methods approach with Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis using RAPFISH, complemented by leverage analysis and Monte Carlo tests to measure model sensitivity and reliability. Data were obtained from field observations, interviews, questionnaires, and literature review. The results indicate that the sustainability status of mangrove crab cultivation management in Bima Bay is categorized as moderately sustainable with an index of 71.01. The ecological, economic, and social dimensions are considered sustainable, while the technological and institutional dimensions are still moderately sustainable and are the main limiting factors. Key leveraging factors include dissolved oxygen and mangrove density, net margin and market access, gender roles and community perceptions, mangrove-to-water ratio, and local institutions and conservation compliance. Monte Carlo tests demonstrated high stability and reliability of the model.

ABSTRAK

Kepiting bakau (Scylla spp) merupakan komoditas perikanan bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang berkembang di kawasan pesisir, terutama ekosistem mangrove. Namun, tekanan antropogenik terhadap mangrove menjadi tantangan bagi keberlanjutan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis status keberlanjutan pengelolaan budidaya kepiting bakau di Teluk Bima melalui pendekatan multidimensi yang meliputi aspek ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi, dan kelembagaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah mixed methods dengan analisis Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) melalui RAPFISH, dilengkapi analisis leverage dan uji Monte Carlo untuk mengukur sensitivitas dan keandalan model. Data diperoleh dari observasi lapangan, wawancara, kuesioner, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status keberlanjutan pengelolaan budidaya kepiting bakau di Teluk Bima berada pada kategori cukup berkelanjutan dengan indeks 71,01. Dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial tergolong berkelanjutan, sedangkan dimensi teknologi dan kelembagaan masih cukup berkelanjutan dan menjadi faktor pembatas utama. Faktor pengungkit utama meliputi oksigen terlarut dan kerapatan mangrove, margin bersih dan akses pasar, peran gender dan persepsi masyarakat, rasio mangrove dan air, serta kelembagaan lokal dan kepatuhan konservasi. Uji Monte Carlo menunjukkan model memiliki kestabilan dan keandalan tinggi.

Kata kunci: Kepiting bakau, keberlanjutan, silvofishery, RAPFISH, Teluk Bima

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