PEMANFAATAN OPTIMAL SUMBERDAYA CAKALANG DI PERAIRAN MALUKU
Abstract
Overfishing has an impact on decrease of fish stocks so that it affects status of fish resource management. This research aims to analyze the optimal utilization of skipjack resources in the waters of Moluccas. Primary and secondary data were obtained through interviews and official publications. Data were analyzed through surplus production model with the techniques of CYP, and continued with the analysis of the bioeconomic model of Gordon Schaefer. The results showed that at the management regime of MSY, skipjack production reached 61.461.26 tons, with fishing effort 50,295 trips. At the open access regime, efforts increased to 84,836 trips with declining of production to 32,475.32 tons. Compared to both the MSY and open access, resource management regime at the MEY contributed to a higher economic rent, Rp 327,868,123,7700, but a lower fishing effort of 42,418 trips, and production 59,953.41 tons. Based on the bio-techno-economic values, the management regime of MEY was classified as the optimal utilization of the skipjack resources.
ABSTRAK
Tangkap lebih berdampak terhadap penurunan stok ikan sehingga mempengaruhi status pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis optimalisasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan cakalang di perairan Maluku. Data primer dan sekunder diperoleh melalui wawancara dan publikasi resmi. Data dianalisis melalui model surplus produksi dengan teknik CYP, dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis model bioekonomi GS. Hasil menunjukkan pada rezim pengelolaan MSY, produksi ikan cakalang mencapai 61.461.28 ton, dengan tingkat upaya penangkapan 50.184 trip. Pada rezim open access, upaya meningkat menjadi 84.683 trip dengan produksi menurun 32.416,66 ton. Dibandingkan MSY dan open access, pengelolaan sumberdaya pada rezim MEY menghasilkan rente ekonomi tertinggi Rp 328.138.580.000, upaya penangkapan yang rendah 42.341 trip, dan produksi 59.960,14 ton. Berdasarkan nilai bio-tekno-ekonomi, maka rezim pengelolaan MEY diklasifikasikan sebagai status pemanfaatan sumberdaya cakalang yang optimal.
Kata kunci: Sumberdaya cakalang, pemanfaatan optimal, perairan Maluku
Downloads
References
Cinner J.E, McNeil, M.A., Basurto, X, and Gelcich, S. 2013. Looking Beyond the Fisheries Crisis; Cumulative Learning from Small-scale Fisheries through Diagnostic Approaches. Editorial; Global Environ. Change 2 (6), pp. 1359-1365.
Clark R.P, Yoshimoto S.S, and Pooley S.G. 1992. A Bioeconomic Analysis of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Lobster Fishery. Journal of Political Economic. Vol.7, pp.115-140.
DKP Maluku. 1996-2015. Statistik Perikanan: Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Maluku Tahun 1996-2015.
DKP Maluku. 2016. Statistik Perikanan: Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan Maluku Tahun 2017.
Fauzi A. 2004. Ekonomi Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. Teori dan Aplikasi. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. 259 hal.
________. 2010. Ekonomi Perikanan; Teori, Kebijakan dan Pengelolaan. PT Gramedia, Jakarta. 224 hal.
Gianelli I, Defeo 0. 2017. Uruguayan Fisheries under an Increasingly Globalized Scenario: Long Term Landings and Bioeconomic Trends. Vol 190, June 2017, pp. 53-60.
Gordon H.S. 1954. The Economic Theory of a Common Property Resource: The Fishery. Journal of Political Economic. Vol. 62, pp. 124-142.
Grafton R.Q, Kompas T, Chu L and Che N. 2010. Maximum Economic Yield. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economic. Vol. 54, 2010, pp. 273-280
Hiariey J. 2010. Bioekonomi dan Efisiensi Perikanan Pelagis Kecil di Perairan Maluku. Ichthyos; Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan. Vol. 9 No. 2.
Kar T.K, Chakraborty K. 2009. Bioeconomic Analysis of Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay Oyster Fishery with Reference to the Optimal Utilization and Management of the Resource. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology. Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009, pp. 172-189.
Kompas T, Grafton R.Q, and Che N. 2011. Target and Path; Maximum Economic Yield in Fisheries Management: ABARES Technical Report 11.3, Canbera, July 2011.
Lopes A.N, Pascoe S. 2011. Net Economic Effects of Achieving Maximum Economic Yield in Fisheries. Marine Policy 35 (2011) 489-495. Contens Lists Available at Science Direct Journal. Home page:www.elsevier.com/locate/marpol.
McGarvey R, Matthews J.M, Feenstra J.E, Punt A.E and Linnane A. 2016. Using Bioeconomic Modeling to Improve Harvest Strategy for a Quota-Based Lobster Fishery. Vol. 183, November 2016, pp. 549-558.
Mitchell T.L. 1979. Bioeconomic of Commercial Fisheries Management. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 1979, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 699-704.
Myers R.A, Worm B. 2003. Rapid World Wide Depletion of Predator Fish Communities. Nature Journal, Vol. 423, May 2003. www.nature.com.
Rieman, B.E. & Beamesderfer, R.C. 1990. Dynamics of a Northern Squawfish Population and The Potential to Reduce Predation on Juvenile Salmonids in a Columbia River Reservoir Oregon USA. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 10, 228–241 pp.
Sanchirico J.N, Wilen J.E. 2001. A Bioeconomic Model of Marine Reserve Creation. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 42, pp. 257–276.
Schaefer M.B. 1954. Some Considerations of Population Dynamics and Economics in Relation to the Management of the Commercial Marine Fisheries. J. Fish. Res.Bd. Canada, 14(5), pp.669-681.
Solomon O.O, Ahmed O.O. 2016. Fishing with Light; Ecological Consequences for Coastal Habitats. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 4(2), 2016, pp. 478-483.
Utama P.B, Kusumastanto T, dan Zulbainarni B. 2015. Pengelolaan Perikanan Cakalang Berkelanjutan Dengan Pendekatan Bioekonomi di Kabupaten Flores Timur. Jurnal Marine Fisheries. ISSN: 20875-4235, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2015). 1-11 hal.
Waileruny W, Wiyono E.S, Wisudo S.H, Purbayanto A and Nurani T.W. 2014. Bioeconomic Analysis of Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) Fishery on Sea Banda-Maluku Province. International Journal of Science; Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR). ISSN 2307-4531, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 239-251.
Wiyono S.R, Mustrauddin. 2016. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pembangunan Perikanan: Studi Kasus pada Perikanan Tangkap di Indramayu. Marine Fisheries. Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut. ISSN: 2087-4235, Vol. 7. No. 1 (2016), 109-115 hal.
Xuan B.B, Amstrong C.W. 2017. Marine Reserve Creation and Interactions between Fisheries and Capture-Based Aquaculture: A Bio-economic Model Analysis. Natural Resource Modeling. Vol. 30, Issue 2, May 2017.
Yulianto G, Suwardi K, Adrianto L dan Machfud. 2016. Status Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Ikan Demersal Sekitar Pantai di Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Scientific Communication in Fisheries and Marine Science. Omni-Akautik. ISSN 1858-3873 Vol. 12 No. 3, (2016), 1-10 hal.
