PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI DETERJEN BUBUK TERHADAP FREKUENSI BUKAAN OPERKULUM DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract

The increase in urbanization in the last decades has produced and increase in discharges of domestic and industrial waste. During this period, detergents have become a severe problem in aquatic systems. These substances are rarely found in concentrations lethal to aquatic organisms, however they cause stress and interfere with their fitness. The aims of the study were to know the effect of surfactant on the frequency of openings operculum and survival rate of  Grass carp  (Cyprinus carpio). It was carried out from February-March 2018 at Sea farming Laboratory, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Pattimura University. Experimented fish was given to different concentrations of detergent. The experimental design was used Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were : (A) Control, B (Detergent 0,005 mg/l), C (Detergent 0,01 mg/l) and D (0,015 mg/l). Data was collected every 7 days. Observed parameters were frequency of openings operculum, survival rate and water quality parameters (temperature, pH and DO). The results showed that different concentrations of detergents has effects on frequency of opening operculum and survival rate. The increasing of detergent concentration resulting in decreasing of frequency opening operculum and survival rate. The lowest frequency opening operculum was on D treatment (0,015 mg/l) which was 26 times/minute and survival rate was 50%. Water quality during the research was in normal range namely temperature (26,1-26,4°C), pH (7,42-8,68 ) and DO (3,5-5,1 mg/l).

ABSTRAK

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk mengakibatkan permasalahan lingkungan yang salah satunya berdampak terhadap meningkatnya deterjen setiap hari. Deterjen memiliki dampak terhadap kesehatan lingkungan karena selain menimbulkan busa di permukaan air juga menghambat difusi udara bebas ke dalam kolom air dan akan berdmapak pada organisme yang hidup di kolom air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh deterjen terhadap frekuensi bukaan operkulum dan kelangsungan hidup ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian diakukan pada bulan Februari-Maret 2018 di laboratorium Seafarming Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kekautan Unpatti. Penelitian bersifat observasi dan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga perlakukan yaitu (A) kontrol, B (deterjen 0,005 mg/l), C (deterjen 0,01 mg/l) dan D (deterjen 0,015 mg/l). Parameter yang diteliti yaitu frekuensi bukaan operkulum, mortalitas ikan dan parameter kualitas air (suhu, pH dan DO). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi deterjen berdampak terhadap frekuensi bukaan operkulum dan kelangsungan hidup ikan mas. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi deterjen akan menurunkan frekuensi bukaan operkulum dan kelangsungan hidup ikan mas (C. carpio). Frekuensi bukaan operkulum terendah ditemukan pada perlakukan D (0,015 mg/l) yaitu 26 kali/menit, begitu pula dengan kelangsungan hidup yaitu 50%. Parameter kualitas air selama penelitian berada pada kisaran normal yaitu suhu (26,1-26,4°C), pH (7,42-8,68 ) dan DO (3,5-5,1 mg/l).

Kata Kunci : pengaruh, surfaktan, frekuensi bukaan operculum, kelangsungan hidup, ikan mas