Negosiasi Kekuasaan dalam Komunitas Adat: Komunikasi Politik dan Pemilihan Kepemimpinan di Negeri Hitumessing
Keywords:
Political Communication, Traditional Leadership, Indigenous Governance, Power Negotiation, Community-Based Democracy
Abstract
This study explores the dynamics of political communication in the appointment and election system of traditional leadership (Raja) in the indigenous community of Negeri Hitumessing, Maluku, as a form of power negotiation within adat structures. The research is grounded in the significance of understanding political communication processes within a sociocultural space that retains strong traditional values while being influenced by modernity. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving community leaders, adat authorities, religious figures, youth representatives, and village officials. Political communication theory and Harold Lasswell’s model serve as the conceptual framework to analyze message transmission, actors involved, communication channels, and the resulting socio-political impacts. Findings reveal that the Raja election functions not only as a contest for authority but also as a symbolic arena for competing group interests. Communication channels are hybrid in nature—oral interactions through informal community networks coexist with digital expressions via social media, particularly Facebook, which facilitates public critique and opinion formation. The election process significantly affects social values, religious practices, and public perceptions of legitimacy. This study contributes a novel mapping of political communication’s role within adat institutions, offering insights for integrating political communication approaches in local leadership studies and strengthening community-based democracy in Indonesia.
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References
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Achmadi, A., Hangabei, S. M., Dimyati, K., & Absori, A. (2021). Culture-based land right conflict resolution model: A case study of the Dayak tomun indigenous people. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies, 16(2), 1.
Alaydrus, A., Loilatu, M. J., Qodir, Z., Mahfin, A., & Akbar, P. (2022). Cultural Approach to Election Conflict Resolution in South Buru District, Province of Maluku. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 24(1), 1–9.
Anshori, M. S., & SF, A. K. (2020). Identity and Communication Pattern of Berco Tribe in Sumbawa Regency concerning Land Conflict Situation. Komunikator, 12(1), 79–89.
Aragon, L. V. (2022). Pluralities of power in indonesia’s intellectual property law, regional arts and religious freedom debates. Anthropological Forum, 32(1), 20–40.
Asrawijaya, E., & Hudayana, B. (2021). The power of a leader in the Samin people’s opposition movement to the development of a cement factory in the north Kendeng Mountains. Humaniora, 33(1), 26–38.
Benda-Beckmann, K. von. (2022). Trajectories of legal entanglement examples from Indonesia, Nepal, and Thailand. Legal Pluralism and Critical Social Analysis, 54(1), 13–30.
Berenschot, W., Dhiaulhaq, A., & Deviane, A. (2023). Local brokerage and international leverage: NGOs and land conflicts in Indonesia. Journal of International Development, 35(3), 505–520.
Berenschot, W., Dhiaulhaq, A., Hospes, O., Adriana, R., & Poetry, E. (2022). Anti-corporate activism and collusion: The contentious politics of palm oil expansion in Indonesia. Geoforum, 131, 39–49.
Binawan, A., & Osawa, T. (2023). The Value of Participatory Mapping, the Role of the Adat Community (Masyarakat Adat), and the Future of the Peatlands. In Local Governance of Peatland Restoration in Riau, Indonesia: A Transdisciplinary Analysis (pp. 211–237). Springer Nature Singapore Singapore.
Bräuchler, B. (2020a). Bali Tolak Reklamasi: The local adoption of global protest. Convergence, 26(3), 620–638.
Bräuchler, B. (2020b). Peacebuilding and resistance: Inequality, empowerment, refusal. In A requiem for peacebuilding? (pp. 181–203). Springer.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5 (ed.)). Sage Publications.
Dolezal, C., & Novelli, M. (2022). Power in community-based tourism: empowerment and partnership in Bali. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(10), 2352–2370.
Drestanta, E. E. (2023). Customary village (Desa Adat) and inter-ethnic fragmentations in Seram Island, Maluku. Archipel. Études Interdisciplinaires Sur Le Monde Insulindien, 105, 91–113.
Efendi, H., Dienaputra, R., Sofianto, K., & Asnan, G. (2022). Power relations urang pandai and candidate on regional head election in West Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 17(5), 1659–1665.
Eko, B. S., & Putranto, H. (2021). Face negotiation strategy based on local wisdom and intercultural competence to promote inter-ethnic conflict resolution: Case study of Balinuraga, Lampung. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 50(5), 506–540.
Fenanlampir, A. (2020). Conflict Management Model of Organization from Molucca’s Cultural Perspective. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 55(4).
Fitriani, F., Nebore, R. D., & Suradinata, P. E. (2022). The Papuan Women’s Participation Perspective in Political Leaders. Musamus Journal of Public Administration, 4(2), 109–119.
Genon, L. J. (2022). Intersectionalities of gender, ethnicity, and leadership in the narratives of Meranao women in the Philippines. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication, 32(1), 154–171.
Hakim, T. R., Deliarnoor, N. A., & Yuningsih, N. Y. (2023). Indigenous Democracy in the Policy-making Process. JIP (Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan): Kajian Ilmu Pemerintahan Dan Politik Daerah, 8(1), 50–63.
Hanami, S., & Rahman, A. (2021). The Construction of Negotiation for Social Harmony in Minangkabau West Sumatra Indonesia. Akademika, 91(3), 191–199.
Harnish, D. (2021). Tolerance of ambiguity: Negotiating religion and sustaining the Lingsar festival and its performing arts in Lombok, Indonesia. Religions, 12(8), 626.
Hennidaa, C., Santosob, Y. W., & Kinasihc, S. E. (2020). The Role of the Adat Institution on Land Conflict Resolution in Tanimbar. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(3), 48–61.
Herawati, N., Sunyata, L., & Sudagung, A. D. (2021). Communication model of musyawarah and role of traditional leaders in building public acceptance to support nuclear powerplant development plan at Bengkayang Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 739(1), 12079.
Ibrahim, Z. (2020). Wali Nanggroe Institution: The Role, Function, and Strategy for Resolving Conflicts in Aceh after the Peace. Society, 8(2), 313–324.
Istania, R. (2022). The Struggling Aristocrats? Noble Families’ Diminishing Roles after the Splitting of Tana Toraja Region. Southeast Asian Studies, 11(2), 195–218.
Jiwa Utama, T. S. (2020). Impediments to establishing adat villages: a socio-legal examination of the Indonesian village law. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 21(1), 17–33.
Kirani, M. R. F. (2023). Political Communication Strategies of Local Parties in the Implementation of Aceh Peace. Persepsi: Communication Journal, 6(1), 10–21.
Maamor, F. R., Kahn, S. M., Zahid, I., & Taif, B. (2023). The three-dimensional wood carving of buah buton: Influence of leaders as symbols of socio-community formation. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2), 2267740.
Manaysay, F. V. (2020). Norms from Above, Movements from Below: Climate Change and Global-Local Dynamics of Indigenous Resistance in the Philippines and Indonesia. JSEAHR, 4, 226.
Mitra, A., & Pal, S. (2022). Ethnic diversity, social norms and elite capture: theory and evidence from Indonesia. Economica, 89(356), 947–996.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice (4th (ed.)). SAGE Publications.
Saefullah, K. (2023). Gintingan in Subang: negotiating the role of Indigenous microfinance institution in the Sunda Region of West Java, Indonesia. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 19(4), 852–861.
Sebastian, A. (2022). Matrilineal practices among muslims: An ethnographic study of the Minangkabau of West Sumatra. Ethnography, 14661381221147136.
Simião, D. S., & Silva, K. (2020). Playing with ambiguity: The making and unmaking of local power in postcolonial Timor‐Leste. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 31(3), 333–346.
Suartina, T. (2022). Strengthening Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: The Effects of Local Acknowledgment of Kasepuhan Adat Communities in West Java and Banten Provinces.
Sulaeman, S., Ridwan, M., Sulastri, I., Banawi, A., Salam, N., Darma, D., & Kasim, E. W. (2022). Muslim communities’ identity transformation through the pela gandong ritual communication in Moluccas Immanuel Church, Indonesia. Contemporary Islam, 16(2), 225–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11562-022-00489-3
Tamma, S., & Duile, T. (2020). Indigeneity and the state in Indonesia: The local turn in the dialectic of recognition. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(2), 270–289.
Utama, T. S. J., Yulianti, I., & Andriani, N. S. (2022). Indonesia’s political reform: challenges and opportunities for the Adat community’s mental well-being. Indigenous Knowledge and Mental Health: A Global Perspective, 101–121.
Warburton, E. (2018). A New Developmentalism in Indonesia? Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 35(3), 355–368. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26545318
Widianingsih, I., McIntyre, J. J., Rakasiwi, U. S., Iskandar, G. H., & Wirawan, R. (2023). Indigenous Sundanese leadership: Eco-systemic lessons on zero emissions: A conversation with Indigenous leaders in Ciptagelar, West Java. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 36(2), 321–353.
Zain, A. I., & Wardani, S. B. E. (2023). Vote-buying Practices in the Kesu Indigenous Communities During the 2020 North Toraja Elections. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 8(3), 320–338.
Published
2024-11-30
How to Cite
Slamat, S. A. (2024). Negosiasi Kekuasaan dalam Komunitas Adat: Komunikasi Politik dan Pemilihan Kepemimpinan di Negeri Hitumessing. Populis: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 19(1), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.30598/populisvol19iss1pp31-45
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Articles
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