Pemanfaatan Limbah Agroindustri Kacang Tanah Sebagai Media Pertumbuhan Mikrobia Probiotik Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Utilization of Peanut Agro-Industrial Waste as a Growth Media for Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Abstract
The increase of peanut-based agro-industry today, cause a significant increase in the number of waste products in the form of peanut shells. This can cause a problem to the environment due to insoluble carbohydrate fiber molecules in peanuts. However, the cellulose in peanut waste can be used as useful material, such as prebiotic, which plays a role in the growth of probiotic bacteria. Nowadays, inulin is used as a source of prebiotics in food additives or health supplements. However, its limited availability and high prices have an impact on the cost of finished products. This research was aimed to identify and to analyze the crude extracts of peanut shells waste as a prebiotic substitution material. The crude extract of peanut shells waste was used as a growth medium for the probiotic, Lactobacillus bulgaricus. A completely randomized experimental design with levels of treatments, i.e., 0% (negative control), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% of peanut shell extracts, as well as inulin as a positive control was applied in this research to analyze bacterial growth. The parameters observed in this study were the morphology of bacterial colonies, gram staining, and growth curve analysis. The results showed that 60% concentration of peanut shells extract effectively increased the growth of L. bulgaricus at 6 and 10 hours. Cellulose in rough extracts of peanut shells can be used as a carbon source for bacterial growth.
Keywords: peanut shells, prebiotics, probiotics
ABSTRAK
Peningkatan agroindustri berbahan dasar kacang tanah menyebabkan jumlah limbah kulit kacang tanah meningkat secara signifikan, sehingga berdampak pada pencemaran lingkungan. Selulosa pada kulit kacang tanah masih dapat digunakan sebagai bahan prebiotik. Senyawa prebiotik berperan dalam menumbuhkan bakteri probiotik. Pada umumnya, inulin digunakan sebagai sumber prebiotik pada bahan tambahan makanan atau suplemen kesehatan. Ketersediaan yang terbatas dan harga yang mahal berdampak pada harga produk jadi yang lebih mahal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi dan menguji ekstrak kasar limbah agroindustri berupa kulit kacang tanah sebagai bahan substitusi prebiotik. Ekstrak kasar yang didapatkan dari limbah kulit kacang tanah digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan bakteri probiotik, Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor perlakuan digunakan untuk uji pertumbuhan bakteri L. bulgaricus. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak kulit kacang tanah 0% (kontrol negatif), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% digunakan sebagai perlakuan pada penelitian ini, sedangkan inulin sebagai kontrol positif. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian inin adalah morfologi koloni bakteri, pengecatan gram dan analisis kurva pertumbuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit kacang tanah konsentrasi 60% efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan bakteri L. bulgaricus di jam ke-6 dan jam ke-10. Selulosa pada esktrak kasar kulit kacang tanah digunakan sebagai sumber karbon untuk pertumbuhan bakteri.
Kata kunci: kulit kacang tanah, prebiotik, probiotik
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