Identifikasi komponen dan Uji Potensi Anti Jamur Minyak Atsiri Serai Dapur (Cympobogon citratus) Terhadap Jamur Penghasil Aflatoksin
Component identification and the Measurement of Antifungal Potential of Lemongrass oil against Aflatoxin Producing Fungi
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are food spoilage fungi and produce aflatoxin that causes serious food safety problems. The antifungal agent is needed to control these fungi. This study aimed to determine the component of lemongrass essential oil and to test the oil’s ability to inhibit the growth of A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Five variations in the concentration of lemongrass oil were tested separately on A. flavus and A. parasiticus and, fungal growth was observed for 7 days. The results of the identification of the essential oil components using GC-MS showed that lemongrass essential oil has the main components of citral (53.77%) and z-citral (34.05%). Lemongrass essential oil with various concentrations (0.01%; 0.02%; 0.04% and 0.08%) showed the ability to inhibit the growth of A. flavus and A. parasiticus and the concentration of 0.08% indicated that lemongrass oil could inhibit the growth of both fungi for 100% during 7 days of observation.
Keywords: antifungal, aflatoxin, citral, essential oil, lemongrass oil
ABSTRAK
Aspergillus flavus dan A. parasiticus merupakan jamur yang banyak ditemukan mengkontaminasi pangan. Kedua jamur tersebut menghasilkan aflatoksin, yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia, sehingga diperlukan anti-jamur untuk mengendalikan pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen minyak atsri serai (Cymbopogon citratus) dan menguji kemampuan minyak tersebut sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan A. flavus dan A. parasiticus. Lima variasi konsentrasi minyak serai diujikan secara terpisah pada A. flavus dan A. parasiticus dan dilakukan pengamatan pertumbuhan jamur selama 7 hari. Hasil identifikasi komponen minyak atsiri menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsri serai memiliki komponen utama citral (53,77%) dan z-citral (34,05%). Minyak atsiri serai dengan berbagai konsentrasi (0,01%; 0,02%; 0,04% dan 0,08%) menunjukkan kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan A. flavus dan A. parasiticus dan konsentrasi 0,08 % menunjukkan bahwa minyak serai mampu menghambat pertumbuhan kedua jamur sebesar 100 % selama 7 hari pengamatan
Kata kunci: antijamur, aflatoksin, minyak atsiri, minyak serai, sitral
Downloads
References
Bakkali, F., S. Averbeck, D. Averbeck, and M. Odaomar. 2008. Biological effects of essential oils – A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46: 446-475. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106
Bluma, R.V. and M.G. Etcheverry. 2007. Application of essential oils in maize grain: Impact on Aspergillus section Flavi growth parameters and aflatoxin accumulation. Food Microbiology 25: 324-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2007.10.004
Belletti, N., S.S. Kamdem, G. Tabanelli, R. Lanciotti, and F. Gardini. 2010. Modeling of combined effects of citral, linalool and β-pinene used against Saccharomyces cerevisiae in citrus-based beverages subjected to a mild heat treatment. International Journal of Food Microbiology 136: 283-289. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro. 2009.10.030
Cantore, P.L., N.S. Iacobellis, A. de Marco, F. Capasso, and F. Senatore. 2004. Antibacterial activity of Coriandrum sativum L. and Foeniculum vulgare Miller var. vulgare (Miller) essential oils. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 52: 7862-7866. DOI: 10.1021/jf0493122
Chang, H.T., Y.H. Cheng, C.L. Wu, S.T. Chang, T.T. Chang, and Y.C. Su. 2008. Antifungal activity of essential oil and its constituents from Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana Florin leaf against plant pathogenic fungi. Bioresource Technology 99: 6266-6270. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.12.005
Davari, E., M. Mohsenzadeh, G. Mohammadi, and R. Rezaeian-Doloei. 2015. Characterization of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus strain isolates from animal feedstuffs in northeastern Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 16: 150-155.
Delaquis, P.J., K. Stanich, B. Girard, and G. Mazza. 2002. Antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils. International Journal of Food Microbiology 74: 101-109. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00734-6
De Billerbeck, V.G., C.G. Roques, J.M. Bessière, J.L. Fonvieille, and R. Dargent. 2001. Effect of Cymbopogon nardus (L) W. Watson essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of Aspergillus niger. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47: 9-17. DOI: 10.1139/w00-117
Guenther, 1987. Minyak Atsiri Vol I-IV. Terjemahan Ketaren. Jakarta: UI Press.
Gutierrez, J., C. Barry-Ryan, and P. Bourke. 2008. The antimicrobial efï¬cacy of plant essential oil combinations and interactions with food ingredients. International Journal of Food Microbiology 124: 91-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.02.028
López-Malo, A., S.M. Alzamora, and E. Palou. 2005. Aspergillus flavus growth in the presence of chemical preservatives and naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds. International Journal of Food Microbiology 99: 119-128. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.08.010
Marino, M., C. Bersani, and G. Comi. 2001. Impedance measurements to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Lamiaceae and Compositae. International Journal of Food Microbiology 67: 187-195. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(01)00447-0
Omidbeygi, M., M. Barzegar, Z. Hamidi, and H. Naghdibadi. 2007. Antifungal activity of thyme, summer savory, and clove essential oils against Aspergillus flavus in liquid medium and tomato paste. Food Control 18: 1518-1523. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2006. 12.003
Tatsadjieu, N.L., P.M.J. Dongmo, M.B. Ngassoum, F-X. Etoa, and C.M.F. Mbofung. 2009. Investigations on the essential oil of Lippia rugosa from Cameroon for its potentials use as antifungal agents against Aspergillus flavus Link ex fries. Food Control 20: 161-166. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.03.008
Park, M.J., K.S. Gwak, I. Yang, K.W. Kim, E.B. Jeung, J.W. Chang, and I.G. Choi. 2009. Effect of citral, eugenol, nerolidol and α-terpineol on the ultrastructural changes of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Fitoterapia 80: 290-296. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009. 03.007
Perrucci, S., F. Mancianti, P.L. Cioni, G. Flamini, I. Morelli, and G. Macchioni. 1994. In vitro antifungal activity of essential oil against some isolate of Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum. Planta Medica 60: 184-187. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-959448
Sardjono, E.S. Rahayu, A.D. Hocking, and J.I. Pitt. 1992. Mycroflora of cereals and nuts from Indonesia. Proc. the 4th ASEAN Food Conference, Jakarta.
Shigeharu, I., U. Katsuhisa, and A. Shigeru. 2006. Vapor activity of 72 essential oils against a Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 12: 210-216. DOI: 10.1007/s10156-006-0449-8.
Shin, S. 2003. Anti-aspergillus activities of plant essential oils and their combination effects with ketoconazole or amphotericin B. Archives of Pharmacal Research 6: 389-393. DOI: 10.1007/BF02976696
Tripathi, A., N. Sharma, and V. Sharma. 2009. In vitro efï¬cacy of Hyptis suaveolens L. (Poit.) essential oil on growth and morphogenesis of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (Massey) Snyder & Hansen. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 25: 503-512.
Tzortzakis, N.G. and C.D. Economakis. 2007. Antifungal activity of lemongrass (Cympopogon citratus L.) essential oil against key postharvest pathogens. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 8: 253-258. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2007.01.002
Vilela, G.R., G.S. de Almeida, M.A.B.R. D’Arce, M.H.D. Moraes, J.O. Brito, M.F.G.F. da Silva, S.C. Silva, S.M.S. Piedade, M.A. Calori-Domingues, and E.M. da Gloria. 2009. Activity of essential oil and its major compound, 1,8-cineole, from Eucalyptus globulus Labill., against the storage fungi Aspergillus flavus Link and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare. Journal of Stored Products Research 45: 108-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.jspr.2008.10.006
Violon, C. and J.P. Chaumont. 1994. Antifungal properties of essential oils and their main components upon Cryptococcus neoformans. Mycopathologia 128: 151-153. DOI: 10.1007/BF01138476
Wuryatmo, E., A. Klieber, and E.S. Scott. 2003. Inhibition of citrus postharvest pathogens by vapor of citral and related compounds in culture. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry 51: 2637-2640. DOI: 10.1021/jf026183l
Tatsadjieu, N.L., P.M.J. Dongmo, M.B. Ngassoum, F-X. Etoa, and C.M.F. Mbofung. 2009. Investigations on the essential oil of Lippia rugosa from Cameroon for its potentials use as antifungal agents against Aspergillus flavus Link ex fries. Food Control 20: 161-166. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.03.008
Yanti, R., P. Wulandari, Y. Pranoto, dan M.N. Cahyanto. 2018 Karakterisasi, identifikasi dan uji aktivitas anti jamur minyak atsiri daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) terhadap Aspergillus. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Unsrat 8: 8-1.
Copyright (c) 2020 Rini Yanti, Hermina Nurdiawati, Muhammad N Cahyanto, Yudi Pranoto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).