CONSTRUCT THE TRIPLE ZERO GRAPH OF RING Z_n USING PYTHON
Abstract
Let be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and there exists such that , , , denotes the set of all triple zero elements of . The triple zero graph of , denoted by , is an undirected graph with vertex set where two distinct vertices and are adjacent if and only if , and there exists a nonzero element of such that , , and . Python is a programming language with simple and easy-to-learn code that can be used to solve problems in algebra and graphs. In this paper, we construct the triple zero graph of ring using Python. Based on the output of the program, several properties of are obtained, such as if and , then is a planar graph, if with is prime numbers, then is a complete graph , and if with is prime numbers and , then is a connected graph.
Downloads
References
G. Chartrand, L. Lesniak, and P. Zhang, Graphs & digraphs, 6th ed. New York: CRC Pers Taylor and Francis Group, 2016. doi: 10.1201/b19731.
J. R. Durbin, Modern Algebra: An Introduction, 6th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2015.
I. Beck, “Coloring of Commutative,” vol. 226, no. 1, pp. 208–226, 1988.
D. F. Anderson and P. S. Livingston, “The zero-divisor graph of a commutative ring,” J. Algebr., vol. 217, no. 2, pp. 434–447, 1999, doi: 10.1006/jabr.1998.7840.s
A. Cherrabi, H. Essannouni, E. Jabbouri, and A. Ouadfel, “On a new extension of the zero-divisor graph (II),” Beitrage zur Algebr. und Geom., vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 945–953, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s13366-020-00559-8.
S. Redmond and S. Szabo, “When metric and upper dimensions differ in zero divisor graphs of commutative rings,” Discret. Math. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 34–40, 2021, doi: 10.47443/dml.2021.0005.
A. M. Alanazi, M. Nazim, and N. Ur Rehman, “Planar, Outerplanar, and Toroidal Graphs of the Generalized Zero-Divisor Graph of Commutative Rings,” J. Math., vol. 2021, 2021, doi: 10.1155/2021/4828579.
H. Mariiaa, V. Y. Kurniawan, and Sutrima, “Zero annihilator graph of semiring of matrices over Boolean semiring,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2326, 2021, doi: 10.1063/5.0039557.
R. Yudatama, V. Y. Kurniawan, and S. B. Wiyono, “Annihilator graph of semiring of matrices over Boolean semiring,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1494, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1494/1/012009.
E. Y. Çelikel, “The Triple Zero Graph of a Commutative Ring,” Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara Ser. A1 Math. Stat., vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 653–663, 2021, doi: 10.31801/cfsuasmas.786804.
J. B. Schneider, S. L. Broschat, and J. Dahmen, Algorithmic problem solving with Python. United States: Washington State University, 2014.
W. Tapanyo, T. Tongpikul, and S. Kaewpradit, “gcd-Pairs in Zn and their graph representations,” pp. 1–11, 2022, [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.01847
Y. Tian and L. Lixiang, “Comments on the Clique Number of Zero-Divisor Graphs of Zn,” J. Math., vol. 2022, 2022.
T. Hartati and V. Y. Kurniawan, “Construct The Triple Nilpotent Graph of Ring Using Python,” vol. 020004, no. 2886, 2023.
G. Chartrand and P. Zhang, A First Course in Graph Theory. New York: Dover Publication, 2012.
Copyright (c) 2024 Putri Wulandari, Vika Yugi Kurniawan, Nughthoh Arfawi Kurdhi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the following terms:
- Author retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a creative commons attribution license that allow others to share the work within an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal).
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.